청소년 미디어 사용양상에 대한 잠재프로파일분석: 미디어 사용목적 및 심리적 특성과의 관계
A Latent Profile Analysis on Adolescents’ Media Use and its Associations with the Purpose of Media Use and Psychological Factors
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초록
본 연구에서는 청소년의 미디어 사용이 인터넷, 게임, 스마트폰 등 다양한 매체를 통해 이루어진다는 점에 주목하여, 잠재프로파일분석을 통해 여러 매체에 걸쳐 청소년의 미디어 사용양상이 어떻게 나타나는지 살펴보고, 미디어 사용목적, 심리적 특성(우울, 충동성), 인구통계학적 요인(성별, 학년)에 따라 각 잠재집단이 서로 구분되는지를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 6학년 916명(남 390명, 여 526명)과 중학교 2학년 553명(남 228명, 여 325명)을 대상으로 온라인 자기보고식 질문지를 사용하여 각 미디어 매체(인터넷, 게임, 스마트폰)에 대해 사용정도와 사용목적, 그리고 심리적 특성(우울, 충동성)에 대한 자료를 수집하였다. 잠재프로파일분석 결과, 미디어 사용의 하위요인에 따라 총 5개의 잠재집단이 도출되었으며, 하위요인의 프로파일 양상을 반영해 이들 집단을 각각 잠재적 위험군-과몰입형, 잠재적 위험군-비몰입형, 과몰입군, 조절실패군, 저위험군으로 명명하였다. 나아가 구분된 잠재집단은 미디어 사용목적과 우울 및 충동성, 학년에 대한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구는 다양한 미디어를 사용하는 하위요인 패턴에 따른 미디어 사용양상의 개인차를 보다 정교하게 구분하고, 각 집단의 미디어 사용목적 및 심리적 특성의 차이를 확인하였다는 학술적 의의가 있다. 이러한 기초지식은 청소년기 미디어 과사용 문제를 예측 및 예방하는 데 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to achieve an integrative understanding of adolescents’ patterns of media use, by conducting a latent profile analysis on various subfactors of media use. Additionally, we tested if the identified latent classes of media use may be differentiated by adolescents’ psychological(depression, impulsivity) and demographic factors(sex, grade). A total of 916 6th grade elementary school students(390 males, 526 females) and 2nd grade 553 middle school students(228 males, 325 females) reported on their media use behavior(Internet, game, smartphone), the purposes of media use, and levels of depression and impulsivity. The results of the latent profile analysis indicate that adolescents’ patterns of media use are best described with five latent classes: ‘potential risk with high preoccupation’, ‘potential risk with low preoccupation’, ‘moderate users with high occupation’, ‘moderate users with high loss of control’, and ‘casual users.’ In the multi-logistic regression analysis, the identified latent classes were differentiated based on the purposes of media use, depression, impulsivity, and grade. This study represents an initial effort to explain complex patterns of media use in Korean adolescents, and offers practical implications by proposing potential targets to consider in early identification and prevention of media overuse problems.
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