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재난 정신건강 회복을 위한 개인 및 지역사회 회복탄력성 요인 검토

A Review of Individual and Community Resilience Factors for Disaster Mental Health Recovery

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 재난 상황에서 개인과 지역사회의 정신건강 회복을 위한 회복탄력성의 개념화와 요인을 검토하고자 하였다. 회복탄력성은 최근 재난 분야에서 주목받고 있는 개념이나 다양한 학문분야에서 연구됨에 따라 수많은 개념화 방식이 제시되어 왔다. 이로 인해 재난 회복탄력성 또한 개념이 불분명하여 재난 현장에서의 활용도가 제한적인 실정이다. 본 연구는 재난 회복탄력성의 개념화의 토대를 쌓기 위하여 선행연구 검토를 통해 다양한 통합적 회복탄력성 이론을 제시하고 재난의 특성에 가장 적합한 회복탄력성 개념화 방향성에 대해 논의하였다. 이를 기반으로 재난 현장에서 활용할 수 있는 회복탄력성 요인을 검토함으로써 회복탄력성 활용을 위한 이론적 근거를 다지고자 하였다. 재난 회복탄력성 요인은 개인 수준과 지역사회 수준에 따라 각기 제시하였다. 개인 회복탄력성 요인에는 사회적 연결망, 자기관리 및 조절, 대처 효능감 및 유연성, 긍정정서 등이 포함되었으며, 지역사회 회복탄력성으로는 의사소통 체계, 신뢰 및 규범의 공유, 사회문화적 정체성과 같은 사회적 자본 등이 포함되었다.

Abstract

This research aimed to conceptualize and examine the factors of resilience for individual and community mental health recovery in disaster situations. Although the concept of disaster resilience has received increasing attention from various academic disciplines over the past three decades, it still lacks a unified definition and understanding of the factors that influence it. To address this, we conducted a review and discussion of various approaches and theories dealing with the resilience in disaster contexts in order to establish the foundation for an integrated conceptualization of disaster resilience for the future research. The resilience factors were also comprehensively introduced at both the individual and community levels. For individual resilience, factors such as social networks, self-management and regulation, coping efficacy and flexibility, and positive emotions were presented. The community resilience factors encompassed social capital, such as communication systems, trust, shared norms, and socio-cultural identity.

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