교수업적평가관리 제도에 관한 연구: 업적평가의 내용과 활용 방안을 중심으로
Research on Faculty Performance Evaluation Schemes with a Focus on Their Content and Utilization of Results
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대학의 인사평가제도는 다양하나 일반적인 기준이 되고 있는 것은 교수업적평가이다. 교수업적평가는 교원의 자질을 강화시킨다는 포괄적인 목적 하에 승진, 재임, 성과급, 연봉, 정년보장 등 단순한 인사평가의 범위를 넘어서 급여의 체계에까지 영향을 미치고 있다. 교수업적평가는 교육, 연구, 봉사 등으로 크게 대별되어 국립대학과 사립대학 간에는 큰 차이가 없었지만 4년제와 2년제 대학에서는 각기 집중영역과 가중치 측면에서 서로 다른 경향을 보였다. 4년제 대학에서는 연구와 교육이 중심이었으나 2년제 대학에서는 산학과 행정부문의 새로운 영역이 평가기준에 포함되어 있는 경우가 많았다. 이러한 내용들을 담고 있는 교수업적평가제도를 활용한 결과 4년제는 인사와 급여에 영향을 미쳤고, 2년제는 주로 인사부문에 대한 영향력이 컸다. 또한 교수업적평가제도 결과를 활용하여 개인단위 뿐만 아니라 학과나 학부단위의 지원이 이루어지기도 하는데 개별적으로는 연구・교육・봉사 점수에 따라 연구지원비와 성과급이 수여되는 경우가 많았고, 학과 또는 학부단위로는 충원률, 재학률, 학과발전기여도 같은 결과에 따라 장려금 등이 지원되기도 하였다. 교수업적평가는 작게는 적은 금액의 장려금에서부터 크게는 교원의 직업적 안정성까지 영향을 미치고 있으며 그 절대적 의존도는 높아지고 있다. 교수업적평가가 결과의 타당성을 제고하기 위해서는 각 대학별로 임의적으로 운영하기 보다는 체계적이고 객관적인 지표로 이루어져야 할 것이다.
Abstract
While tertiary institutions in South Korea use various human resource evaluation schemes, faculty performance evaluation is most commonly used. In addition to an overarching goal of promoting the competencies of faculty members, faculty performance evaluation affects not only individual professors’ promotion, reinstatement, merit pay, annual salary, and tenure but also the overall wage system. Conducted largely in terms of three categories of teaching, research, and civil service, faculty performance evaluation schemes were little different between public universities and private universities. However, there was a noticeable gap between 4-year universities and 2-year colleges in regard to areas of focus and weighted values. While faculty evaluation was focused on research and teaching among 4-year universities, many 2-year colleges included new areas such as industry-academia cooperation and administration. When it comes to the areas that it influences, the results of evaluation were reflected in human resource management and wage level in 4-year universities while they mainly affected human resource management in 2-year colleges. The results of faculty performance evaluation were used to determine support for both individual professors and departments/divisions. Schools decided research subsidy and merit pay for individual professors based on their scores on research, teaching, and civil service and provided subsidies to departments/divisions based on the enrollment rates of new students and existing students as well as the degree of contribution to the advancement of department. According to this research, the dependence of tertiary institutions on faculty performance evaluation is growing in terms of a number of areas ranging from the amount of merit pay to the job security of individual professors. In this regard, faculty performance evaluation needs to be conducted in a more systematic and objective manner in order to prove its validity and reliability.
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