공무원 직무열의 선행요인 연구: 자기효능감, LMX 그리고 조직공정성
The Antecedents of Public Officials’ Job Engagement: Self-efficacy, LMX and Organizational Justice
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초록
공공부문의 급격한 직무환경 변화는 공무원들의 스트레스와 조직 부적응 등을 유발하여 이를 방지하고 해결하기 위한 조직차원의 방안이 고려되고 있다. 그 중 직무에 대한 헌신과 몰입을 의미하는 직무열의에 대한 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 공무원들의 직무열의를 상승시키기 위한 방안을 모색하기 위하여 직무요구-자원 모델을 적용하여 연구모델 및 가설을 제시하였다. 문헌연구를 바탕으로 직무열의를 상승시킬 수 있는 선행요인으로 자기효능감, 조직공정성, 리더-구성원 교환관계(LMX)를 파악하였으며, 좀 더 나아가 선행요인간의 상호작용을 파악하였다. 연구가설을 검증하기 위하여 중앙부처 국가직 공무원 446명을 대상으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 자기효능감, 조직공정성, LMX는 각각 직무열의에 정(+)의 유의한 결과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자기효능감과 LMX간의 상호작용은 직무열의를 보다 강화하는 반면, 조직공정성의 조절효과는 예상과는 다르게 부의 방향으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 연구의 시사점 및 향후 연구 과제를 도출하였다.
Abstract
Due to growing negative factors such as maladjustment to rapid changes in the work environment and mounting stress, Public Officials’ today suffer from greater job burnout. Public Officials’ organizations, however, have managed their human resources simply by implementing passive and short-term measures to remove issues that could cause job burnout. Public Officials’ organizations are also striving to take a measure to more actively manage human resources from a positive perspective of job engagement. As such, in order to empirically test this measure, this study examines Public Officials’ for the first time by employing an expanded job requirement-resource model, which is a version of the existing model that has been expanded to embrace personal resources. Through a literature review, this paper theoretically examines job engagement, self-efficacy, organizational justice, leader-member exchange (LMX) to develop a research model and hypotheses. An empirical analysis was carried out on 446 Public Officials’s working for the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning in order to test hypotheses. Based on the results of the analysis, this study found the following: first, self-efficacy, organizational justice, and LMX have a positive significant effect on job engagement; second, interactions between personal and job resources have a different moderation effect depending on the moderator variables. The moderation effect of organizational justice has a greater moderation effect on groups with low self-efficacy and low levels of organizational justice. On the other hand, LMX has a greater moderation effect on subjects with low self-efficacy but recognized high levels of LMX. Based on these results, the theoretical and practical implications of the research findings are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided
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