CISG상 제79조 장애의 법리와 적용사례에 관한 연구 - 네덜란드 2008년 7월 9일 Maastricht 지방법원 판결을 중심으로 -
A Study on the Cases concerning Impediment concept under the CISG Article 79
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
As contracts for the international sale of goods, contrary to domestic ones are concluded among parties from different backgrounds, complicated situation can unexpectedly emerge in the course of transactions. Especially, anything that hinders transaction of the contracts will lead to contract non-fulfillment and each party's reaction could be controversial. In regard to this, U.N. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods which was enacted in 1980 is significant as it includes exemption as to non-fulfillment of contractual obligation. According to clause 1 of article 79 of CISG, each party is not responsible for such non-fulfillments if they are caused by impediments that are beyond of its control; if such impediments were not expected to occur at the time of contract agreement; and if one can prove its consequence were not unavoidable or surmountable. In this context, article 79 of CISG is crucial as it defines fundamental rules that allow obligation exemption at certain level. However, different law systems and customs between nations might cause controversial interpretation issue in order to apply article 79. Subjective interpretation by each nation is against CISG's intention, which was established to mitigate legal uncertainty due to different law systems. Therefore, in order to minimize such controversies, unified general principles should be established by taking various approaches and reflecting the view of international commerce rather than domestic prejudice. In addition, the definition of impediment should be written in a way that is acceptable to every party to realize fair obligation exemption.
Abstract
As contracts for the international sale of goods, contrary to domestic ones are concluded among parties from different backgrounds, complicated situation can unexpectedly emerge in the course of transactions. Especially, anything that hinders transaction of the contracts will lead to contract non-fulfillment and each party's reaction could be controversial. In regard to this, U.N. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods which was enacted in 1980 is significant as it includes exemption as to non-fulfillment of contractual obligation. According to clause 1 of article 79 of CISG, each party is not responsible for such non-fulfillments if they are caused by impediments that are beyond of its control; if such impediments were not expected to occur at the time of contract agreement; and if one can prove its consequence were not unavoidable or surmountable. In this context, article 79 of CISG is crucial as it defines fundamental rules that allow obligation exemption at certain level. However, different law systems and customs between nations might cause controversial interpretation issue in order to apply article 79. Subjective interpretation by each nation is against CISG's intention, which was established to mitigate legal uncertainty due to different law systems. Therefore, in order to minimize such controversies, unified general principles should be established by taking various approaches and reflecting the view of international commerce rather than domestic prejudice. In addition, the definition of impediment should be written in a way that is acceptable to every party to realize fair obligation exemption.
참고문헌 (28)
- Nimrat Kaur, "Impediment : A Concept under CISG, Unidroit and Indian Contract Law - A Comparative Analysis", Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law & Arbitration, 15, pp.91~ (2011)
- Nimrat Kaur, "Impediment : A Concept under CISG, Unidroit and Indian Contract Law - A Comparative Analysis", Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law & Arbitration, 15, pp.91~ (2011)
- 최준선, "국제거래법", pp.109~ (2012), 삼영사
- 이천수, "CISG 제79조에서 면책요건과 효과에 관한 연구", 무역연구, 6(1), pp.79~102 (2010), 한국무역연구원
- Inegeborg Schwenzer, "Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG)", pp.1067~ (2010), Oxford Univ. Press
- 허해관, "國際物品賣買協約上의 免責規則에 관한 一考察", 선진상사법률연구, 통권 : 61, pp.58~ (2005), 법무부
- 오원석, "면책법리에 관한 비교법적 연구 - CISG를 중심으로 -", 무역학회지, 26(3), pp.46~ (2001), 한국무역학회
- Nicholas, B., "Force Majeure and Frustration", American Journal of Comparative Law, 27, pp.231~245 (1979)
- Harry Flechtner, "Article 79 of The United Nations Convention On Contracts for the International Sale Of Goods (CISG) as rorschach test : The Homeward Trend and exemption for Delivering Non - Conforming goods", Pace International Law Review, 19, pp.50~ (2007)
- 한상현, "국제물품매매계약에서 불가항력조항의 합리적 설정방안 - 최근 판례를 중심으로", 창업정보학회지, 8(3), pp.60~ (2005), 한국창업정보학회
- 井原 宏, "ウィーン売買条約", pp.235~239 (2010), 東信堂
- "UNILEX"[URL]
- Joern Rimke, "Force majeure and hardship : Application in international trade practice with specific regard to the CISG and the UNIDROIT Principle of International Commercial Contracts", pp.213~214 (1999), Kluwer
- 鴻常夫, "英美商事法辭典", pp.316~ (1998), 商事法務硏究會
- Dionysios P. Flambouras, "The Doctrines of Impossibility of performance and clausula rebus sic stantibus in the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Principle of European Contract Law : A Comparative Analysis", Pace International Law Review, 13, pp.269~270 (2001)
- Bruno Zeller, "Article 79 Revisited", Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law &Arbitration, 14, pp.155~157 (2010)
- 甲斐道太郎, "注釈国際統ー売買法Ⅱ", pp.208~209 (2003), 法律文化社
- 최흥섭, "UN국제물품매매협약의 제문제; 유엔국제물품매매협약에서 손해배상책임의 면책요건과 면책사유 - CISG 제79조를 중심으로", 국제거래법연구, 13, pp.141~ (2005), 국제거래법학회
- Jennifer M. Bund, "Force majeure Clauses: Drafting Advice for the CISG Practitioner", Journal ofLaw and Commerce, 17, pp.399~400 (1998)
- 채진익, "국제물품매매계약에서 의무불이행당사자의 면책위한 장애요건과 그 적용 : CISG 중심으로", 국제지역연구, 10(2), pp.518~542 (2006), 국제지역학회
- Bianca, "Commentary on the International Sales Law ; The 1980 Vienna Sales Convention", pp.579~ (1987), Giuffrè
- 서완석, "비엔나협약상 채무불이행으로 인한 손해배상책임의 면책", 기업법연구, 19(1), pp.45~68 (2005), 한국기업법학회
- 김선국, "불가항력 및 사정변경의 원칙에 관한 계약과 관련한 주요 국제적인 규범들 규정의 비교.검토 - UNIDROIT Principles, PECL 및 CISG를 중심으로 -", 기업법연구, 13, pp.229~245 (2003), 한국기업법학회
- 배정한, "국제물품매매계약에 있어서의 불가항력에 관한 연구", 무역상무연구, 9, pp.60~61 (1996), 한국무역상무학회
- 김영주, "비엔나협약(CISG)상 위험이전에 관한 사례 연구", 성균관법학, 23(1), pp.383~421 (2011), 법학연구소