북한헌법 변화의 특징과 전망
Study on the Characteristics and Prospect of North Korean Constitutional Change
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Since its enactment and promulgation on September 9, 1948, North Korean constitution has been revised a total of 11 times until April 13, 2012. According to the view that considers the socialistic constitution of 1972 as the enactment of North Korean constitution, North Korea has gone through the constitutional revisions of 5 times since the enactment of socialistic constitution in 1972. Generally for communists, the constitution means 'Conquered Territory' rather than a platform. For them, the constitution only means the formal description of political, economic, and social orders which have been already established in a nation. In this perspective, the greatest characteristic of North Korean constitution seems to be that it functions as a means to realize national direction itself and, at the same time, to realize the political goals of a man in power. Based upon the premise of above researches, the greatest characteristics of North Korean constitutional change are as follows;First, the results of socialist revolution during the construction of the party and nation at the beginning of the regime are reflected in North Korean constitution, and the national governing principles such as Juche ideology and military-first ideology are also reflected in North Korean constitution through some modifications with the change of times. Second, the North Korean constitution has been revised to consolidate the 1-man ruling system by Kim Il Sung and to legally guarantee the blood family succession going down to Kim Jung Il and Kim Jung Eun. Third, the North Korean constitution tried to accommodate the elements of partial open-door policy and experimental market economy order in order to overcome difficult economic conditions of North Korea. Lastly the fourth, the North Korean constitution has been revised in mutually hostile context with South Korea. Prospecting the future changes of North Korean constitution and social trend, it is very likely that North Korea will be more and more dependent on China in spite of the fact that it recently succeeded in stabilizing its Kim Jung Eun regime. Because Kim Jung Eun, with no record of contribution to anti-Japanese revolution and to the construction of socialist nation, has no charisma of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jung Il, he is expected to further strengthen his socialistic ruling, controlling people and institutions by forcing them to comply with the laws. So in this situation, North Korea will need to prevent the escapes of people by enforcing North Korean-type socialism with stronger intensity domestically, and will further strengthen its solidarity by reinforcing its military-first policy. But after Kim Jung Eun has firmly seized the power, he is likely to adopt socialistic market economy with a more pacificatory policy to foreign countries in order to solve the problem of 'eating and living' which is the most urgent matter, while emphasizing the 'rule of law' and 'law-abiding' rather than charismatic dictatorship of the past Kim Jung Il.
Abstract
Since its enactment and promulgation on September 9, 1948, North Korean constitution has been revised a total of 11 times until April 13, 2012. According to the view that considers the socialistic constitution of 1972 as the enactment of North Korean constitution, North Korea has gone through the constitutional revisions of 5 times since the enactment of socialistic constitution in 1972. Generally for communists, the constitution means 'Conquered Territory' rather than a platform. For them, the constitution only means the formal description of political, economic, and social orders which have been already established in a nation. In this perspective, the greatest characteristic of North Korean constitution seems to be that it functions as a means to realize national direction itself and, at the same time, to realize the political goals of a man in power. Based upon the premise of above researches, the greatest characteristics of North Korean constitutional change are as follows;First, the results of socialist revolution during the construction of the party and nation at the beginning of the regime are reflected in North Korean constitution, and the national governing principles such as Juche ideology and military-first ideology are also reflected in North Korean constitution through some modifications with the change of times. Second, the North Korean constitution has been revised to consolidate the 1-man ruling system by Kim Il Sung and to legally guarantee the blood family succession going down to Kim Jung Il and Kim Jung Eun. Third, the North Korean constitution tried to accommodate the elements of partial open-door policy and experimental market economy order in order to overcome difficult economic conditions of North Korea. Lastly the fourth, the North Korean constitution has been revised in mutually hostile context with South Korea. Prospecting the future changes of North Korean constitution and social trend, it is very likely that North Korea will be more and more dependent on China in spite of the fact that it recently succeeded in stabilizing its Kim Jung Eun regime. Because Kim Jung Eun, with no record of contribution to anti-Japanese revolution and to the construction of socialist nation, has no charisma of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jung Il, he is expected to further strengthen his socialistic ruling, controlling people and institutions by forcing them to comply with the laws. So in this situation, North Korea will need to prevent the escapes of people by enforcing North Korean-type socialism with stronger intensity domestically, and will further strengthen its solidarity by reinforcing its military-first policy. But after Kim Jung Eun has firmly seized the power, he is likely to adopt socialistic market economy with a more pacificatory policy to foreign countries in order to solve the problem of 'eating and living' which is the most urgent matter, while emphasizing the 'rule of law' and 'law-abiding' rather than charismatic dictatorship of the past Kim Jung Il.
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