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lex mercatoria의 21세기적 의의

Role of lex mercatoria in 21 Century

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주제분류법학

초록

본고는 21세기에 있어서 lex mercatoria를 현대적으로 조명해 보고자 하였다. 먼저 lex mercatoria의 개념을 살펴보고, 역사적으로 해상법에서 출발하여 중세의 lex mercatoria를 고찰한 뒤 국제상업회의소의 활약, 국제기구의 Lex mercatoria 법전화, 중재에 있어서의 lex mercatoria 등 20세기 lex mercatoria 의 발전을 검토하였다. 이어 사이버스페이스의 등장에 따른 lex informatica의형성과정과 lex informatica의 미래를 살펴보았다. 다음으로 lex mercatoria의적용을 중재에 있어서의 적용과 법원에 의한 적용으로 나누어 lex mercatoria의적용이 확대되어 감을 지적하였다. 마지막으로 신국가주의로 복귀하는 세계 사회에 있어 lex mercatoria의 긍정적인 역할을 검토하고 이를 실효화하기 위한 노력을 경주할 필요가 있음을 지적하였다. 특히 lex mercatoria의 행위규범으로서의 기능과 분쟁 예방기능에 주목하였다.

Abstract

This article explores the social implications of lex mercatoria in the 21st century in the world as well as in Korea. The lex mercatoria may be defined “a set of general principles, and customary rules spontaneously referred to or elaborated in the framework of international trade, without reference to a particular national system of law.” The notion of the lex mercatoria is not new. With the rise of nationalism and the codification of customary law in the 19th century, the law merchant was incorporated into the municipal laws of a nation. However, in the latter part of 20th century, social groups, such as the community of merchants, have became capable of producing legal rules in addition to the national legislation by parliament. Moreover, in the past years, arbitrators have applied the lex mercatoria and it has been recognized by national law and by the court. The needs to study lex mercatoria as a self-regulation have been proved both in Korea and in the world communities. Development of lex mercatoria in various local, international and cyberspace communities will supplement the shortcomings of positivism and fragmentation of national or municipal law in 21 century.

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