요양원 여성 노인의 전도 관련 체력에 대한 복합운동의 효과
Effects of Multi-component Exercise Treatment on Fall-related Functional Fitness for Nursing Home Older Women
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초록
평형성 및 하지근력이 감소하면 전도 위험이 증가한다. 이 연구의 목적은 18주 동안 주 2회 저·중강도 복합운동이 요양원에서 장기간 거주하고 있는 여성 노인들의 전도관련체력인 평형성과 하지근력 그리고 활동 특이적 균형자신감에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이었다. 피검자는 운동그룹(10명)과 비교그룹(10명)으로 나누었으며 운동내용은 준비운동과 정리운동, 저·중강도의 스텝운동, 저강도의 체중부하운동, 그리고 체조로 구성하였다. 전도관련체력은 244cm 왕복걷기, 의자 앉았다 일어서기, 눈뜨고 및 눈감고 한발서기, 서서 상체 앞으로구부리기(functional reach, 이하 FR), 무릎 신전력을 측정하였고, 활동 특이적 균형자신감은 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 운동프로그램 이후 244cm 왕복걷기, 의자 앉았다 일어서기, 눈뜨고 한발서기는 유의한개선을 보였고(p<.05), 무릎 신전력, FR, 눈감고 한발서기, 활동 특이적 균형자신감은 향상되었으나 유의하지 않았다. 프로그램 이후 일부 항목에서 유의한 개선을 보였고 비교그룹에서 대부분의 항목의 측정값이 감소한 점을 고려하면 비교적 단기간의 주 2회의 저·중강도 복합운동프로그램의 실시가 요양원에서 장기간 거주하는 허약노인의 전도위험을 예방 또는 경감시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 시설노인들의 전도위험에 가장 효과적인 운동형태, 운동빈도, 운동시간, 그리고 운동강도를 결정하는 연구들이 추후 필요하다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in fall-related functional fitness (FFF) and activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) in older women living in nursing home after 18 weeks of supervised multi-component exercise program. Twenty adults age 71-85 years were assigned to an exercise group (n=10, EG) or a control group (n=10, CG) by their desire and were evaluated before and after training. The training program consisted of 2 sessions of step exercise for 15-20 minutes, body weight resistance exercise using chair for 15 minutes, and 5-10 minutes of calisthenics per week. Participants were evaluated using validated clinical measures of functional fitness: timed up and go (TUG), chair sit-to-stand (CSS), one leg stand with open (LOE) and closed (LCE) eyes, knee extension strength (KES), and the ABC scale. The multicomponent training program resulted in significant improvements on the CSS (P = .030), TUG (P = .045), and LOE (P = .038). The findings of this study indicated that although there were no significant change in the LCE, KES and ABC scale, two days a week of low to moderate training program could increase lower body strength, agility, and balance in the institutionalized frail elderly women. Fall-preventive low and moderate intensity multi-component exercise program has positive effects on fall-related functional fitness in nursing home older women.
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