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신체활동수준에 따른 젊은 성인 여성의 신체구성, 골밀도 및 건강관련체력 비교

Comparison of body composition, bone mineral density and health-related physical fitness by physical activity levels in young women

김성우|강효정|송종국|심수정
국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2019.06|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제30권 제2호|pp. 213-222|DOI 10.24985/kjss.2019.30.2.213

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참고문헌

키워드

골밀도Body compositionBone mineral density신체구성건강관련체력뼈-관련 신체활동 설문지Bone-specific physical activity questionnaireHealth-​related physical fitness
주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 젊은 성인 여성의 신체활동수준에 따라 신체구성, 골밀도 및 건강관련체력의 차이를 비교하는데 있다. [방법] 연구대상자는 만 19-29세의 여성 90명이 연구에 참여하였으며, 뼈 관련 신체활동 설문지(BPAQ)의 신체활동수준에 따라 세 그룹(낮은, 중간, 높은 신체활동그룹) 각 30명씩 나뉘었다. 신체구성과 골밀도는 DXA(Hologic, QDR-4500, USA)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 건강관련체력은 유연성(앉아윗몸앞으로굽히기), 근력(악력), 근지구력(윗몸일으키기), 심폐지구력(최대산소섭취량)을 측정하였다. 모든 자료는 SAS 9.4 버전으로 분석하였으며, 평균과 표준편차를 제시하였다. 신체활동수준에 따른 차이를 비교하기 위하여 일원분산분석을 실시하였고, 사후 분석은 Duncan’ multiple range test 방법을 사용하였다. 모은 통계적 유의 수준은 .05로 설정하였다. [결과] 첫째, 제지방량(F=8.364, p=.0001)에서 신체활동량이 낮은 그룹은 중간 그룹과 높은 그룹의 여성들보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 둘째, 전신 골밀도(F=16.730, p=.0001), 요추 골밀도(F=11.480, p=.0001), 대퇴 골밀도(F=42.182, p=.0001), 전완 골밀도(F=5.560, p=.005)에서 세 그룹 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 건강관련체력의 경우 악력과 최대심박수에서 세 그룹 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 앉아윗몸앞으로굽히기(F=11.433, p=.0001), 윗몸일으키기(F=17.972, p=.0001), 최대산소섭취량(F=3.106, p=.05)，운동시간(F= 7.479, p=.001)에서 신체활동이 높은 그룹이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. [결론] 본 연구에서 BPAQ를 이용한 신체활동 조사는 젊은 성인 여성의 골밀도와 건강관련체력의 차이를 규명할 수 있었으나, 체지방률, 체지방량과 WHR의 관련성을 분석하는데 다소 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 사용한 설문지는 유산소운동 혹은 저항성운동을 포함하는 다양한 운동유형에 참여 여부를 판단할 수 없었기 때문에 나타난 것으로 판단되며, 추후 연구에서는 다양한 신체활동 유형을 고려한 종단연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to determine difference of body composition, bone mineral density and health-related fitness by physical activity level in young women. [Methods] A total of 90 women aged 19-29 years participated in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups (low, middle, and high level) according to the physical activity level estimated by bone-specific physical activity questionnaire(BPAQ). Body height and weight were measured. Body composition parameters including four sites of bone mineral density(BMD) were estimated by DXA (Hologic, QDR-4500, USA). Health-related fitness tests was assessed using sit & reach, grip strength, sit-ups, and VO2max. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4. All data were presented in terms of means and standard deviations. One-way ANOVA was applied to determine difference of dependent variables by physical activity level. Duncan's multiple range test was used as a post-hoc test. The statistical significance level was set at p<.05. [Results] There were significant differences on body weight(F=4.867, p=.01), body mass index(F=5.053, p=.008) and fat-free mass(F=8.364, p=.0001) among the three groups. Significant differences were found on whole body BMD(F=16.730, p=.0001), lumbar BMD(F=11.480, p=.0001), femur BMD(F=42.182, p= .0001) and forearm BMD(F=5.560, p=.005) among the three groups. There were also significant differences on sit and reach(F=11.433, p=.0001), sit-ups(F=17.972, p=.0001), VO2max(F=3.106, p=.05) and duration of GXT(F=7.479, p=.001). [Conclusions] There were differences on body composition, bone mineral density and health-related physical fitness by physical activity levels. Nevertheless, the questionnaire used in this study was not able to judge participation in various exercise types including aerobic exercise or resistance exercise. Therefore, in the future study, longitudinal study considering various types of physical activity and dietary intake will be needed.

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