사격 조준시 뇌 활성화 프로파일 II: 엘리트 장애인 사격선수 분석
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고도의 주의집중력이 요구되는 사격종목의 수행력을 결정하는 요인 중 하나는 조준시 신경효율성이며, 이상적인 뇌 활성화 상태를 유도하는 뉴로피드백 훈련의 적용은 사격수행력 향상에 도움이 될 수 있다. 그러나 척수손상에 의한 완전 혹은 불완전 하지마비를 가진 장애인 사격선수들은 척수손상 이후부터 중추신경계에 재생산(regeneration)과 재조직(reorganization) 현상에 의한 대뇌피질과 피질하 영역의 변화를 겪게 된다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 엘리트 장애인 사격선수들의 사격 조준시 뇌활성화를 조사하여 비장애인과 구별되는 장애인들의 뇌활성화 패턴을 규명하는 것이다. 연구대상자는 장애인 사격 국가대표와 상비군 선수들이었으며, 실험과제는 10m 공기권총 사격이었고, 한 피험자 당 총 격발수는 20발이었다. 사격 격발 전 5초간 뇌 활성화를 조사한 결과, 조준 시 전두엽, 중심열구, 측두엽, 후두엽 영역에서 시각-공간 과제수행과 관련된 우측 반구가 좌측 반구보다 스펙트럴 파워값이 높았고, 특히 다른 어떤 영역보다 우측두엽(T4)의 파워값이 높았다. 반구차이지표 분석에 의하면, 측두엽의 좌우뇌 차이지표 값이 다른 영역의 값보다 컸고, 두정엽의 값이 가장 낮았다. 흥미로운 것은 두정엽과 전두엽의 반구차이지표 값이 뇌 영역들 중에서 가장 낮았음에도 불구하고, 사격점수와 강한 정적상관을 보였다. 이 연구를 통해 장애인 사격선수들의 사격수행력의 결정요인은 고 주파수대역의 우 측두엽 뇌 활성화 강화와, 전두엽과 두정엽의 반구비대칭 증가이다. 이 연구의 결과는 장애인 사격 선수 맞춤형 뉴로피드백 훈련 프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.
Abstract
One of factors determining shooting performance is neural efficiency during aiming period. Thus, it is plausible that application of neurofeedback training to induce optimal state of brain improves performance. However, application of same program for non-disabled to disabled could be inappropriate since central nerve system (CNS) has been reported to be changed through reorganization and regeneration following spinal cord injury. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to examine brain activation during aiming period in disabled elite athletes differentiated according to possession of disability. Participants were twelve disabled national and national representation standing air-pistol shooting athletes and were asked to conduct a total of twenty shots. Task was 10m air-pistol shooting. The analysis of spectral power during 5s-aiming period revealed that powers in right hemisphere related to visual-spatial processing were higher than those in left brain regions. The hemispheric asymmetry score was particularly strong at temporal region but was low at parietal area. Interestingly, asymmetry scores at parietal region showed strong positive correlations with shooting scores in spite of lower asymmetry scores relative to those in other brain regions. EEG pattern determining shooting performance in disabled athletes seems to be greater activation in a right temporal region and greater hemispheric asymmetry in frontal and parietal areas. The results of the study are expected to be utilized for development of the neurofeedback training program for disabled shooting athletes.
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