심야운동 중 체온변이가 일주기 지연에 미치는 영향
Effects of body temperature variations during nocturnal exercise on circadian phase delay
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본 연구는 심야운동으로 인한 체온(Tb) 상승이 운동 중 상승하는 체온을 억제시킨 조건에 비해 일주기지연(circadian phase delay)을 더욱 심화시키는지 평가하였다. 일곱 명의 건강한 남자(20.57 ± 2.88 세, 174.43 ± 4.05 cm, 70.13 ± 6.07 kg, 체지방 10.74 ± 1.92%)가 두 번의 실험에 참여하였고 각각의 실험은 5일간 진행되었다. 각 실험의 첫날, 피험자들은 일상적인 취침시간(23:00-07:00, 0.2 lux)을 유지하였다. 2일째부터 5일째까지, 01:30부터(15 lux) 개인 최대능력의 55%에서 60분간 고정식자전거운동을 했다. 그리고 04:00에 취침하여 12:00에 기상하였다. 실험은 26℃ 환경에서 체온을 올리며 운동하거나(ET) 또는 17℃ 환경에서 체온상승을 억제하며 운동하는(ST) 것으로 진행되었다. 각 실험은 2주의 간격으로 균형 배정되었다. 운동 중 직장온, 피부온, 심박수가 지속적으로 기록되었다. 운동 전과 후에 체중이 측정되었으며 뇨량과 타액 샘플이 채취되었다. 각 실험의 첫날과 5일째 4번(23:00, 03:30, 07:00, 12:00) 혈액이 채취되어 멜라토닌이 분석되었다. 4일간의 심야운동으로 평균체중 감소량은 ET에서 0.62 ± 0.09 kg, ST에서 0.22 ± 0.07 kg으로 나타났다(p<.001). 직장온은 운동 중 증가하였으며 조건간의 차이는 없었다. 피부온은 ET에서 32℃, ST에서 24℃로 유지되었다(p<.001). 평균체온은 ST에 비해 ET에서 더 높았다(p<.05). 심야운동 중 총평균 뇨배출량은 ET에서 0.07 ± 0.07 liter, ST에서 0.11 ± 0.07 liter로 나타났다(p<.05). 첫날 멜라토닌 농도는 ET에서 시간별로 23 ± 26, 107 ± 45, 98 ± 46, 14 ± 50 pg/ml 였으며, ST에서는 18 ± 10, 108 ± 65, 103 ± 75, 14 ± 12 pg/ml 였다. 실험 5일째 멜라토닌은 ET에서 9 ± 3, 64 ± 41, 122 ± 73, 54.1 ± 17.8 pg/ml, ST에서 8 ± 1, 68 ± 21, 111 ± 52, and 32 ± 14 pg/ml로 나타났다. 멜라토닌은 실험 5일째 12:00시에 두 조건 간, 그리고 첫째 날과 5일째 12:00시 각 조건 내에서 차이를 보였다. 타액 코르티졸과 타액 IgA 는 차이가 없었다. 심야운동은 두 조건 모두에서 일주기지연을 유발하였다. 그러나 운동 중 체온상승이 지연을 강화시켰으며 이는 운동 중 열부하의 일주기이동에 미치는 영향의 중요성을 지적한다.
Abstract
Whether a nocturnal exercise with concomitant increase of body temperature (Tb) would intensify circadian phase delay compare to exercise with a suppressed Tb increase was examined. Seven healthy men (20.57 ± 2.88 yrs, 174.43 ± 4.05 cm, 70.13 ± 6.07 kg, 10.74 ± 1.92% fat) participated in two tests. Each lasted 5-days. On the day of 1 of each test, subjects maintained habitual sleep time (23:00-07:00, 0.2 lux) in laboratory. From day 2 thru 5, they biked for 60 min at 55% of maximal capacity beginning at 01:30 (15 lux). Then they went to bed at 04:00 and woke at 12:00. During test, they exercised either at 26℃ with elevating Tb (ET) or at 17℃ with cooling devices for suppressing Tb (ST). Two tests were counter balanced and separated by 2 weeks. During exercise, rectal (Tre) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, and heart rate were continuously recorded. Body weight changes during exercise were measured. Urine volume and saliva sample were collected. Blood samples were taken at 23:00, 03:30, 07:00, and 12:00 on day 1 and 5 of tests and analyzed for melatonin. The average weight loss for 4 days of exercise in ET and ST was 0.62 ± 0.09 and 0.22 ± 0.07 kg, respectively (p<.001). Tre increased during exercise but not different between conditions. Tsk maintained at 32℃ in ET and 24℃ in ST (p<.001). Tb were higher in ET than ST during exercise (p<.05). The average total urine volume passed was 0.07 ± 0.07 in ET and 0.11 ± 0.07 liter in ST (p<.05). The melatonin concentration at day 1 was 23 ± 26, 107 ± 45, 98 ± 46, and 14 ± 5 in ET and 18 ± 10, 108 ± 65, 103 ± 75, and 14 ± 12 pg/ml in ST for each time period. At day 5, it was 9 ± 3, 64 ± 41, 122 ± 73, and 54.1 ± 17.8 in ET and 8 ± 1, 68 ± 21, 111 ± 52, and 32 ± 14 pg/ml in ST. Differences of melatonin between ET and ST at day 5 of 12:00 as well as between day 1 and 5 at 12:00 of both conditions were noticed (p<.05). Salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin-A were not different. A nocturnal exercise induced a circadian phase delay in both conditions. However, body temperature increase during exercise intensified the shift indicating the importance of thermal load during exercise for circadian shift.
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