저온환경에의 급성노출이 에너지 대사, 골격근 산소화 농도 및 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향
Effects of acute cold stress on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle oxygenation, and exercise performance
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[목적] 본 연구는 20대 남자대학생을 대상으로 상온환경(20℃)과 비교하여 다양한 저온환경(10℃, 0℃)에의 급성노출이 운동수행능력과 운동 중 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향을 호흡가스를 통한 에너지 대사와 NIRS를 활용한 골격근 산소화 농도를 통해 검토하고자 수행되었다. [방법] 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 총 10명의 건강한 20대 남자대학생을 선별하였으며, 이를 대상으로 각 환경조건(20℃, 10℃, 0℃)에서 각각 30분간 안정상태를 유지한 후 종속변인(체온, 호흡가스를 통한 에너지 대사, 골격근 산소화 농도, 운동수행능력)에 대한 안정시 및 최대운동부하 검사 중 측정을 실시하였다. 각 환경조건에서의 GXT 검사 간 일주일 간격을 두었으며, 환경조건에 대한 순서를 불규칙하게 무작위로 선정하였다. [결과] 체온의 경우, 각 기온 조건에서 운동 직후 10℃ 저온과 0℃ 저온에서 체온의 유의한 감소가 나타났으며(p<.05), 안정시와 운동 직후 각각에서의 기온에 따른 차이에서는 양쪽 모두에서 기온이 감소함에 따라 그에 비례하여 체온이 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 에너지 대사 관련 변인의 경우, 심박수와 혈중젖산농도는 어떠한 차이도 나타나지 않았으며, 호흡교환율은 안정시에 0℃ 저온에서 20℃ 상온 보다 유의하게 높은 값(p<.05)을 나타났다. 분당환기량, 산소섭취량, 이산소탄소배출량은 여러 시점에서 20℃ 상온 및 10℃ 저온과 비교했을 때 0℃ 저온에서 유의하게 낮은 값를 보였다(p<.05). 골격근 산소화 농도는 모든 변인에 있어서 저온환경에 따른 안정시 및 운동 중 특별한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 운동수행능력의 경우, 최대산소섭취량은 0℃ 저온에서 20℃ 상온보다 유의하게 낮은 값을 나타냈으며(p<.05), 운동지속시간 또한 0℃ 저온과 10℃ 저온에서 20℃ 상온보다 유의하게 낮은 값을 보였다(p<.05). [결론] 본 연구의 결과를 통해 저온환경은 동일강도의 운동 시 체온의 감소와 분당환기량, 산소섭취량, 이산화탄소 배출량의 증가를 가져오고 이러한 생리적 변화로 인해 운동수행능력을 감소시킨다. 그리고 이러한 현상은 20℃ 상온과 비교했을 때 10℃ 저온환경 보다 0℃ 저온환경에서 두드러지게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute cold stress (10℃, 0℃) compared with ordinary temperature (20℃) on exercise performance and physiological response at rest and during exercise. [Methods] A total of 10 healthy men (21.55 ± 2.16) were selected. In each environmental condition (20℃, 10℃, 0℃), the three testing order was randomly selected at crossover, and there was a week interval between the graded exercise test (GXT). On the testing day, they remained resting for 30 min in each environmental condition. Dependent variables (body temperature, energy metabolism parameters, skeletal muscle oxygenation profiles, and exercise performance parameters) were measured at rest and during GXT. [Results] In body temperature, at each environmental condition, there was a significant decrease (p<.05) at 10℃ and 0℃ compared with 20℃ after exercise, and in the difference depending on the environment at rest. After exercise, the body temperature significantly decreased (p<.05) in proportion to the decrease in temperature. There was no difference in heart rate and blood lactate level in energy metabolism, and the respiratory exchange ratio was significantly higher (p<.05) at 0℃ than 20℃. Minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), and carbon dioxide excretion (VCO2) were significantly lower (p<.05) at 0℃ than 20℃ and 10℃ at various exercise load. All skeletal muscle oxygenation profiles did not show significant changes at rest and during exercise. In exercise performance, maximal oxygen uptake was significantly lower (p<.05) at 0℃ than 20℃, and exercise time to exhaustion was also significantly lower (p<.05) at 0℃ than 20℃ and 10℃. [Conclusion] Acute cold stress induces deterioration of exercise performance via a decreased body temperature and an increase in VE, VO2, and VCO2 during the same exercise load. In addition it was confirmed that this phenomenon was more prominent at 0°C than at 10°C when compared to 20°C.
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