운동 후 심박회복에 따른 자율신경계의 경시적 조절: 팔과 다리의 국소적인 비교
Autonomic Nerve Regulation After Arm- or Leg Ergometer Exercising Eliciting the same heart rate level
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초록
본 연구는 상·하지의 국소적 신체부위를 이용한 일회성 유산소 운동의 post-exercise recovery(REC)에서 나타나는 심박변이도(heart rate variability, HRV)의 차이를 살펴봄으로써 자율신경 향상을 위한 효율적 운동모드를 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 건강한 젊은 남성 11명을 대상으로 무작위교차설계를 통해 동일한 강도의 여유심박수(50% heart rate reserve) 하에서 30분 간 Arm ergometer(AE) 및 Leg cycling(LE)의 평형상태운동(steady state exercise) 후 REC1(0~10 min), REC2(10~20 min), REC3(20~30 min)의 세 구간에서 R-R intervals를 획득하여 시간 및 주파수와 비선형지수(Poincaré plot)를 산출하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. HRV의 시간영역지수를 이용해 운동모드 간의 차이를 평가한 결과 post-exercise recovery에서 AE 수행 후에 비해 LE 수행 후 ANS 조절능(SDNN) 및 PNS 재활성화(rMSSD)가 높게 나타났다. Poincare plot을 이용해 운동모드 간의 차이를 분석한 결과 post-exercise recovery에서 AE 수행 후에 비해 LE 수행 후 ANS 조절능(SD2) 및 PNS 재활성화(SD1)를 반영하는 HRV parameters의 회복률이 높게 나타났다. Spectral power 분석에서 부교감신경 재활성화를 독립적으로 반영하는 HF가 초기 post-exercise recovery(REC1)에서 AE 수행 후에 비해 LE 수행 후 유의하게 증가하였으며, 교감-미주신경 밸런스(sympathetic-vagal balance)의 교감신경 활성화를 반영하는 지수인 LF/HF ratio 와 LF nu는 AE 수행 후 유의하게 높은 수치를 나타낸 반면 부교감신경 활성화를 반영하는 지수인 HF/TP ratio와 HF nu는 LE 수행 후 유의하게 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 심박수를 일치시킨 다리의 국소적 운동이 팔의 국소적 운동에 비해 운동 후 부교감신경 재활성화가 신속하게 나타난다는 것을 암시한다. 따라서 상지에 비해 하지를 이용한 유산소 운동은 운동 후 부교감 재활성화 및 교감 활동의 빠른 억제를 통해 자율신경계의 조절에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 운동 후 자율신경회복이 심장사고(events)와 관련한다는 점에서 보다 안전하고 효율적인 운동법이라 판단된다.
Abstract
Although delayed heart rate recovery (HRR) and impaired autonomic nerve system (ANS) modulation after acute exercise are related with cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, studies evaluating ANS changes with local exercise are still unsatisfied. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the modulation of ANS-related parameters, followed by upper or lower body exercise. Eleven male without cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases measured basic body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), and heart rate variability (HRV). This study based on randomized cross-over design; AE composed with arm-ergometer, and LE involved with leg cycling. Participants had at least one week wash-out between each exercise, also there was no cool-down after exercise. All sessions were performed with intensity of 50 % target heart rate for 30 min. With measurement of Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during every 10 min, HRV was measured Kubios HRV software using R-R intervals collected with Polar RS800CX in post-exercise recovery (for 30 min). As a result, heart rate (HR) and RPE were same (p > 0.05) through the experiment. As results of this study, SDNN and rMSSD in time domain on LE were higher than on AE during post-exercise recovery. When LE compared with AE used by Poincare plot, both parasympathetic reactivation (SD1) and autonomic nerve regulation (SD 2) on LE were higher than AE. Immediately after submaximal exercise, the high-frequency component on LE was significantly greater compared to AE. Also, the LF/HF ratio and LF nu reflecting sympathetic activity were higher on AE than LE. In contrast, the HF/TP ratio and HF nu reflecting vagal tone were greater on LE than AE. In conclusion, this study suggested regional lower body exercise recovers more sufficient than regional upper body exercise after submaximal aerobic exercise at same HR. Local exercise like leg cycling needs a careful approach to apply for accurate exercise prescription and effective training.
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