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인종 관련 북미 스포츠역사학 및 스포츠사회학계의 연구 동향

A Critical Review on the Studies of Sport & Race in the North American Context

서재철
국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2015.12|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제26권 제4호|pp. 886-903|DOI 10.24985/kjss.2015.26.4.886

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참고문헌

키워드

인종동화assimilationRace스태킹문화적 장비판적 패러다임인종적 형성비정치적인 것의 정치성cultural terrain of racestackingcritical paradigm
주제분류체육

초록

이 연구는 인종의 주제, 현상, 문제 등을 탐구해 온 북미 스포츠역사학과 스포츠사회학계의 연구 동향을 스포츠역사학의 역사철학 및 메타스포츠사회학의 관점에서 분석, 정리, 요약하여 소개한다. 구체적으로, 인종 관련 스포츠 연구들에 녹아 있는 문제의식, 역사·사회적 철학, 이론 및 방법론적 쟁점 등을 파악, 분석하고 그것들을 다시 지도화함으로써 북미 스포츠학자들이 천착한 학문적 접근과 태도의 흐름을 읽어내는 시도이다. 그 결과는 다음의 네 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 흑인선수들의 성공을 미화하고 찬양하는 저널리즘 기반의 대중적 논평 및 내러티브들, 둘째, 흑인 주체들의 스포츠관련 경험, 목소리, 정체성 등의 현상과 문제를 기록하거나 기념하는 작업을 통해 인종 문제에 기여하는 스포츠의 본질과 기능 등을 확인하거나 강조하는 초기 학술적 연구들, 셋째, 스포츠 세계에 나타나는 인종차별적 현상의 패턴, 양상, 실태 등을 발견하거나 조사하고 그 원인과 배경을 설명하는 실증주의적 경향의 연구들, 넷째, 스포츠를 인종 관계의 맥락들이 상호작용하는 하나의 문화적 장으로 인식하고 그 속에서 형성되고 매개되는 다양한 사회·문화적 의미들을 해석적으로 읽어내는 비판적 패러다임의 문화 지향적 연구들이 있다. 끝으로 이러한 흐름들 중에서, 왜 비판적 패러다임의 문화 지향적 연구들에 주목할 필요가 있는지, 그러한 연구들의 등장이 북미 스포츠학계에 던지는 의미와 시사점 등은 무엇인지 등을 결론으로 논의한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to map how sport sociologists and sport historians have engaged in the study of race and/in sport. Focusing on scholars with two communities of the North American Society for Sport Sociology & Sport History, it investigates themes, historical/sociological philosophy, theoretical/methodological issues that underpin their works. To be more specific, mainly four types of research are detailed: 1) popular narratives that mostly celebrate black athletes’ success in sport, 2) so-called the early academic works that highlight the positive role of sport in advancing the issue of race in relation to social justice, unification, equality, and so on, 3) a group of researches informed by the positivism, which attempt to discover, investigate, identify racially problematic phenomena, incidents, policies, or incidents and explain why they happen, what makes them problematic, and how to solve such matters, and 4) critical paradigm that orients cultural studies based researches that attempt to explore the relationship between sport and race with focus on interpretive, theoretical, and reflective approaches. In conclusion, it is discussed why I pay attention to the critical paradigm, what it’s emergence means to the sporting academy, and in what ways we can embrace it into the Korean sporting academy.

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