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피겨스케이팅 올림픽 금메달리스트의 최고수행 도달 과정에 투영된 심리적 특성 탐색

Exploring the top figure skater’s psychological strengths reflected on the pathway to the Olympics

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[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 세계 최고 수준의 성취를 이룬 김연아 선수의 심리적 특성을 분석하는 것이며, 2010년 밴쿠버 올림픽에서 성취를 이루게 된 심리적 요인을 이해하고자 하는 것이다.[방법] 본 연구는 특정한 사례를 연구하는 사례연구이다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 목적표집법을 통해 연구 질문에 가장 적합한 답을 제시할 수 있는 김연아 선수 한 명을 연구참여자로 선정하였다. 총 5번의 심층면담을 통해 자료를 수집하고 내용분석을 통해 결과를 도출하였다. [결과] 분석결과 사회적·외적요인은 사회적지지와 관계설정 2개의 범주, 개인적 심리특성은 성격적 특성, 동기, 자신감 3개의 범주로 구성되었다. 외부적· 환경적 역경 상황에서의 극복과 대처방안으로 초연적 대처, 자아탄력성 2개의 범주가 도출되었다. 마지막으로 이러한 요인들의 결합으로 올림픽에서의 최고수행은 몰입과 마음챙김 상태를 통해 발현되었다. [결론] 김연아 선수의 성취는 사회적·외적 요인, 개인적 특성, 대처전략 등의 영향으로 최고수행과 성취에 영향을 미친 것을 발견하였으며 이에 대한 선행연구와의 유사점과 차별점이 논의되었다.

Abstract

[Purpose] This study was designed to explore Yuna Kim’s psychological strengths and the contextual factors, which led her to obtain the gold medal and the reflection of peak performance and preparation at the 2010 Olympics. It was hoped that by sharing the experience of one of the top athletes, other athletes would learn from her and prepare themselves better for Olympics in the future. [Methods] A case study method was applied with a qualitative approach. To obtain the purpose of the study, five in-depth interview sessions including introductory and member checking procedures were conducted. The interviews were recoded and transcribed verbatim, and content analysis was used to inductively analyse the data. [Results] The four general dimensions that were discovered in the results included Social-external Factors, Personal Traits, Coping Strategies, and Peak Performance. The social-external factors consisted of social support and attached/detached relationships while personal traits were personality traits, confidence and motivation. Coping strategies to overcome external and situational pressures were detached coping and resilience whereas peak performance was reflected on flow and the state of being mindful. [Conclusion] In conclusion, Yuna Kim’s strength was parallel with the previous research on the top athletes and other findings such as adaptive perfectionism and a sense of rivalry in the research were discussed.

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