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단거리 스피드 스케이팅 선수의 슬라이드 보드 훈련 시 시간 변화에 따른 운동역학적 요인의 변화

Biomechanical Changes Over Time During Slide Board Training in Sprint Speed Skaters

박상균|윤정민
국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2024.09|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제35권 제3호|pp. 401-411

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참고문헌

키워드

Performance경기력 향상관절 모멘트스피드 스케이팅슬라이드 보드관절 파워Speed skatingSlide boardJoint momentJoint power
주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 남자 단거리 스피드 스케이팅 선수의 슬라이드 보드 동작 시 시간 변화에 따라 나타나는 운동역학적 요인의 변화를 분석하여 선수의 경기력 향상 및 기술 향상을 위해 다양한 정보를 제공함에 있다. [방법] 대한체육회에 전문선수로 등록된 20∼30대 남자 단거리 스피드 스케이팅 선수 10명으로 선정하였다. 모든 대상자는 슬라이드 보드를 1분 20초간 수행하였으며, 처음과 마지막을 제외한 1분만 분석하였다. 이때, 0초에 5회 스트로크, 30초에 5회 스트로크 그리고 55초에 5회 스트로크만 분석하였다. [결과] 첫째, 스트로크 소요 시간은 중반 스트로크에 비해 후반 스트로크에서 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 둘째, 슬라이드 보드 동작 시 신체 질량중심 위치는 시간 경과에 따라 수직 방향으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 셋째, 발목관절의 저측굴곡 각도는 증가한 것으로 나타났으며(p<.05), 무릎관절과 엉덩관절의 경우 굴곡 각도가 감소한 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 그리고 몸통 분절 각도는 event 1에서 중반 스트로크에 비해 후반 스트로크에서 굴곡 각도가증가한 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 넷째, 관절의 신전 모멘트는 무릎관절과 엉덩관절에서만 통계적 차이가 나타났으며, phase 2에서 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 관절 파워는 발목관절의 경우, phase 2에서만 통계적 차이가 나타났으며, 양적 파워는 증가하였고, 부적 파워는 감소한 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 무릎관절에서의 파워는 양적 파워만 통계적으로 차이가 나타났으며, phase 1에서 증가하고, phase 2에서 감소한 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). [결론] 본 연구의 결과는 슬라이드 보드 동작 시 시간 변화에 따른 운동역학적 요인의 변화를 정량화하여 많은 빙상 지도자와 선수에게 실용적인 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 본 연구를 통해 스피드 스케이팅에서 과학적인 훈련 방법을 제시할 수 있으며, 경기력 향상을 위한 새로운 분석 방법을 제안하는 데 의의가 있다고 생각된다.

Abstract

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide information for improving the performance and skills of 500 m speed skaters by analyzing the kinematic and kinetic changes in their slide board movements over time. METHODS The subjects were 10 male short-distance skaters in their 20s to 30s who were registered as professional athletes with the Korea Sports Council. The changes in joint angle, joint moment, and joint power over time in the subjects’ slide board motion were measured and analyzed. RESULTS It was found that during phase 2 of the skater’s slide board movement, there was an increase in plantar flexion and a decrease in flexion of the lower extremity joint and extension of the knee and hip joint, with decrease in positive power of the knee joint. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study are expected to provide practical information to skating coaches and athletes by quantifying the biomechanical factors observed over time during slide board movements. In addition, this study is expected to contribute to the field of speed skating by presenting scientific training methods and proposing new analysis techniques to improve performance in the future.

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