위계선형모형을 이용한 Charter School 규모 결정요인에 관한 연구: 미국 플로리다주 Charter School을 중심으로
Study on the Determinants of Charter School Size using Hierarchical Linear Model : Based on Charter Schools in Florida State
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미국의 많은 주들이 charter school의 인기와 성장을 경험하면서 다양한 주제의 연구들을 진행하여 왔다. 선행연구들을 살펴보면 국외의 경우 chater school의 형성과 확산, 학업성취도, charter school과 공립학교 또는 사립학교와의 비교연구, 그리고 학교재정문제 등을 중심으로 다양한 연구들이 수행되어 왔다. 한편 국내의 경우에는 charter school의 시장적합성, 학교의 charter와 학교문화, 그리고 공교육과 학교선택권 등에 관한 시론적이며 기본적인 수준의 연구들이 있었다. 기존 연구들의 분석방법론을 보면, 많은 연구들이 주로 단일차원의 분석을 실시하여 학생이나 학교를 개별적으로 아니면 학생과 학교를 포괄적으로 합해서 살펴보았다. 즉 동시적으로 단일차원의 효과만을 분석하여 다차원적인 영향력을 파악하는데 한계를 보이고 있었다. 더욱이, 연구내용에 있어서 학교성장 및 발전을 측정할 수 있는 기준인 학교규모를 중심으로 영향요인에 대한 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 또한 다차원적인 분석방법을 활용한 연구일지라도 학업성취도 또는 다른 유형의 학교와의 비교 등에 관심을 보여 왔다. 이러한 선행연구의 한계를 고려하여 이 연구는 charter school의 학교규모와 이 규모를 결정하는 요인을 다차원 분석을 통해서 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위해 위계선형모형을 활용하여 플로리다주의 charter school과 school districts의 계층효과와 영향요인을 분석하고자 한다.
Abstract
Considering charter schools’ popularity and growth in United States, there have been various studies related to charter schools. Scholars have studied formation and diffusion, student achievement and comparison with traditional publics school or private school, and school finance. In methodology, many of the previous studies focused on one level analysis rather than multi-level analysis, so they mainly figured out one level effect by student and school in each, or both student and school without considering multi-level effects. Moreover, there has few study in how these charter schools have some amount of enrollment size and what factors have influenced charter school enrollment. Even studies on charter school with multi-level analysis, they have focused on school achievement and comparison between charter school and traditional public school. Considering that there is few empirical study on charter school enrollment size using multi-level analysis, this study attempts to fill the research gap by focusing on charter school enrollment size and influencing factors on the charter school size. In doing so, we consider charter schools and school district in Florida and analyze multi-level effects employing Hierarchical Linear Model.
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