공간회귀모형을 활용한 도시환경이 지역사회 비만도와 자가건강도에 미치는 영향 분석: 수도권을 중심으로
Effects of Built Environmental Factors on Obesity and Self-reported Health Status in Seoul Metropolitan Area Using Spatial Regression Model
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 공간적 자기상관분석기법을 활용하여 수도권의 도시환경이 지역(시·군·구)별 비만인구비율과 건강인구비율에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 있다. 연구의 방법으로 시·군·구별 비만도(체질량지수)와 자가건강도를 종속변수로 활용하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 23개의 도시환경변수가 독립변수로 고려되었고, 31개의 개인특성변수가 혼란변수로 이용되었다. 분석 결과, 수도권 시·군·구별 비만인구비율 및 건강인구비율의 평균값은 각각 31.8%, 50.5%이며, 모란지수(Moran’s I) 값은 0.2781, -0.0413으로 나타나 비만인구비율은 공간자기상관성이 존재하나 건강인구비율은 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도시환경의 영향분석을 위해 비만인구비율 모형은 공간회귀모형을, 건강인구비율은 일반 회귀모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과 지역별 비만인구비율은 패스트푸드점 수(+), 자전거도로 연장(-) 등의 유의미한 영향을 받고, 지역별 건강인구비율은 도시환경의 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 건강을 고려한 도시계획의 중요성을 시사하는 점에서 연구의 중요성이 높으며, 본 연구의 결과가 향후 토지이용, 교통, 환경 등 다양한 부문에서 건강요소를 고려한 계획수립에 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze effects of built environmental factors on obesity and self-reported health status using spatial autocorrelation analysis. Spatial unit was 53 si, gun, and gu (local government unit) while spatial area was Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA). Body mass index(BMI) and self-reported health status were used as dependent variables while 23 built environmental factors and 31 personal factors were used as independent and confounding variables, respectively. Obese (i.e., BMI > 25) population and healthy (i.e., self-reported health status =good, very good) population rates were 31.8% and 50.5%. The Moran’s Is of obese and healthy population were 0.2781 and -0.0413, respectively. Therefore, this study used spatial regression model for obese population while this employed OLS regression model for healthy population. Empirical result showed that obesity population was correlated with the number of fast food restaurants(-) and the length of bike route(-) while no built environmental correlates of healthy population. The significance of this study is to consider the built environmental factor on community health planning.
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