해외 공공임대주택의 소유권 이전 사례에 관한 고찰
A Comparative Analysis on Ownership Transfer Cases of Social Housing of Overseas
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최근 공공임대주택 공급을 둘러싼 사회경제적 환경이 변화되고, 신자유주의 기조에 따른 공공임대주택공급 및 운영방식의 변화가 요구되면서 공공임대주택에 대한 민간 참여의 일환으로 소유권 이전 논의가나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 해외 공공임대주택의 소유권 이전 사례에 대한 비교분석을 통해 국내의시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 본 논문에서 대상이 된 영국, 독일, 네덜란드 홍콩의 각 국가들은 공공임대주택의 주거환경 개선, 신규투자자금 확보, 입주자 자가소유 지원 등의 목적을위해 개별 주호 혹은 블록이나 동 단위로 민간 부문에소유권을 이전함으로써 민간 참여를 도모한 사례다. 이러한 공공임대주택에 대한 민간 부문의 참여는단기적으로는 자금의 확보, 주거환경 개선에 효과적이었으나 중장기적으로 새로운 공공임대주택 재고확보 필요성 증가, 공공임대주택이 가진 순기능 약화로 인한 추가비용 발생하고 있어 국내 도입 시 신중한 접근이 요구되고 있다.
Abstract
Recently, socio-economic environment surrounding the social housing market has been changed. The neo-liberal trend in political environment has been cutting the direct subsidies and funding for the social housing. To improve efficiency of social housing management, governments try to secure funding by the participation of the private sector. This study aims to deliver comparative analysis on ownership transfer scheme among social housing markets of UK, Germany, the Netherlands and Hong Kong. These countries allowed social housing privatization by individual sale to tenants or stock transfers from public sectors to private sectors for decades under the neo-liberalism. These new ownership schemes of social housing, in the short term, could be able to secure additional funding for social welfare and improving the physical environment. However, in the long term, the public sector have to pay more to solve social and community problems of tenants of former social housing. Some countries, such as Germany and UK, are required to deliver more social housings for solving the long waiting list problem caused by social housing stock reduction. Thus, it should be take cautious stance to introduce such a new ownership scheme in social housing.
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