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동북아시아 미세먼지의 생산기반 배출량과 소비기반 배출량의 비교: 한국, 중국, 일본을 대상으로

Comparison of Production-Based Emissions and Consumption-Based Emissions of Particulate Matter in Northeast Asia

문승운
국토연구원|2020.06|국토연구 (The Korea Spatial Planning Review)|제105권 |pp. 31-48|DOI 10.15793/kspr.2020.105..003

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키워드

미세먼지소비기반 배출회계생산기반 배출회계다지역투입산출표Particulate MatrerConsumption-based EmissionsProduction-based EmissionsMulti-regional Input-Output Model(MRIO)

초록

본 논문에서는 전 세계에서 미세먼지의 배출량과 피해가 큰 한국, 중국, 및 일본을 대상으로, 3개국 간재화 및 체화된 미세먼지의 교역 자료를 통해 소비기반 미세먼지 배출량을 산정한 후, 생산기반 및 소비기반 교역량 및 미세먼지 배출량을 비교하였다. 분석결과, 한국과 일본은 자국의 소비를 위한 재화를 상당 부분 중국에서 생산하고 있었으며, 이로 인해 중국에서 다량의 미세먼지가 배출되고 있었다. 특히, 중국의 산업들이 한국과 일본의 산업에 비해 오염집약도가 상대적으로 많이 높아 오염피난처 가설이 입증하고 있음을 유추할 수 있었다. 이는 중국에서 배출되는 미세먼지는 중국뿐만 아니라 일정 부분 한국과 일본의 책임이 필요하다는 근거이다. 동북아시아의 미세먼지 저감을 위해서는 초국경적인 협력이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 소비기반 배출회계가 중요한과학적 근거를 제공할 수 있었으며, 본 논문의 결과는 국가 간 협력의 당위성 및 기초 자료를 제공할 수있다.

Abstract

This study assesses the consumption-based PM emission, and compares production-based accounting and consumption- based accounting of trade and embodied PM for three Northeast Asia countries - Korea, China, and Japan. The result shows that 22.00% of Japna’s and 36.02% of Korea’s consumption-based PM emission are generated in China. In other words, China is the largest emitter of PM, but much of PM emissions of China come from consumption in Korea and Japan. In addition, the Chinese industry has a higher pollution intensity than the Korean and Japanese industries, suggesting that the Pollution haven hypothesis has been proven. Consumption-based accounting can quantify the responsibilities of Korea and Japan for PM generated in China, and this results can be considered in cross-border negotiations for abatement of PM. Abating PM in Northeast Asia requires cross-border cooperation, and consumption-based accounting can provide important scientific evidence. The results of this study may provide appropriateness and basic material for international cooperation.

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