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재택근무와 도시: 통합적 문헌연구 및 향후 연구방향

Home-based Telecommuting and Cities: A Synthetic Literature Review and a Framework for Future Research

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참고문헌

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초록

정보통신기술의 발전과 대안적 근무방식에 대한 사회적 인식의 변화로 인해 재택근무가 선택 가능한 근무형태의 하나로서 더욱 확산되고 있다. 이에 따라 계획 분야에서는 재택근무가 도시형태의 변화와 통행수요 대체에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구는 계획 분야의 두 연구주제(재택근무와 도시형태의 관계, 재택근무와 통행수요의 관계)를 중심으로 관련 논의의 이론적 배경과 실증연구 결과를 통합적으로 고찰한다. 문헌 연구결과, 많은 연구들이 진행되어왔음에도 여전히 재택근무와 주거입지 선택의 인과관계, 그리고 재택근무가 주거입지를 매개로 해 통행행태에 미치는 2차적 영향에 대해 실증적으로 밝혀진 바는 많지 않았다. 또한 재택근무와 도시형태의 관계에 대한 기존 선행연구는 고용입지를 고려하지 않는 한계를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 도시에 적용 가능한 연구의 틀로서 재택근무, 주거입지, 고용입지, 통행행태(1일 총통행거리)를 고려한 구조 모형을 제시한다. 이 모형은 향후 국내도시를 대상으로 한 실증연구의 틀로서 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

Advances in information and communication technology have made telecommuting a viable option for more and more workers over time. Therefore, several studies have been made on the impacts of telecommuting on urban form and travel behavior in the planning research field. Against this backdrop, this research synthetically examines the theoretical background and empirical evidences focused on the two main issues: 1) the relationship between home-based telecommuting and urban form, and 2) the relationship between home-based telecommuting and travel demand. Our literature review indicates that even though many researches have been made on telecommuting impacts, little is known about the causalities between home-based telecommuting and residential location, and the secondary impacts of home-based telecommuting on travel behaviors via residential location. Moreover, previous empirical studies have not consider the job locations of telecommuters. Therefore, this paper suggests the Structural Equation Model, which embodies the causal relationships among the telecommuting, residential location, job location, and daily Person Kilometers Traveled(PMT) variables, for the framework for future research. We expect that this conceptual model will be able to be applied in the future empirical studies focused on Korean cities.

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