신동엽 서사시의 성취와 의의-『금강』의 서정성을 중심으로

Abstract

Shindongyeop’s ‘Kumkang’ is a result made by his thorough poetical spirit. ‘Kumkang’ has received the opposite evaluations by researchers in regard of the ‘lyricism’ revealed in the work. This thesis focused on the problem of ‘lyricism’ appearing in ‘Kumkang’ and revealed the occurrence of ‘lyricism’ was a result caused by the poet’s era awareness(problem awareness), poet’s ideology and poetic spirit, and the ‘lyricism’ standing in the center of epic was the most important character of the Shindongyeop’s poem theory. The core of Shin’s poem theory was the self-sacrifice will to overcome the problem of the era, that is, his poetic spirit was expressed as the literature. In particular, Shin’s poetic spirit is based on Donghak idea and ‘Kumkang’ embodied it into the literature. In other words, Shin’s ‘poetic spirit’ which internalized the spirit of ‘Sicheonju’, the most fundamental idea of Donghak, is embodied literally through the lyrical main character named ‘Shinhani’. This paper more concretely examined the aspects of change and development of ‘Shinhani’, the main character of ‘Kumkang’, and its meaning. Lyrical protagonist ‘Shinhani’ is changing and developing into a figure(developing into the practical lyricism) who realizes the subjectivity by restoring the sacred through the realization of ‘Sicheonju(侍天主)’(restoring the lyrical identity) and sacrifices himself for them based on the pity and sympathy for others(developing into the inter-subjectivity lyricism), and carries out the ‘wiwisim(爲爲心)'. That is, 'Shinhani' is a figure created by the problematic situation which arose in the time and space called the Korean modern times, that is, self-era unlike the protagonists of the traditional epic poem, and is the alternative figure involving the possibility of solving the modern problems by himself. Also, he is a figure who carries out as changing to the independent human. Finally, the significance of Shindongyeop’s poem theory is as follows. First, lyrical ego Shinhani is not a leading role of the actual history but the embodiment-person of a myriad of people who disappeared while living without the name on this ground. That is, the history embodies that ordinary people like 'Shinhani' can develop through the practical life of the self-revolution in the daily life, and it corresponds to the daily practicability of Donghak idea. Second, Shindongyeop’s poem theory is significant in resetting the relationship between the group and individual. Epic poem ‘Kumkang’ suggests an alternative for keeping a balance between individuals and group without impairing the inherency and value of individual existences by restoring the human’s subjectivity buried from the fateful unity relation between the goup and individuals, and it reestablishes the individuals and group as an organic united body in this process. Third, it is also significant in looking for a possibility that the literature, religion, and philosophy which lost their functions after being extremely divided by the permeation of modernity are harmonized in the literature to find their own function in the daily life. Finally, Shindongyeop’s poem theory finds a way of the acculturation and sustainability of the modern epic poem and embodies it into the work. Shindongyeop established his poem theory under the Korean culture and the historic specialty by accepting western literary theories critically, and created ‘Kumkang’ on the basis of it. It was possible to find a new possibility of the Korean modern epic poem through this critical acceptance of western literary theories by him and his individual creation activity.