금융소외 관점에서 본 가계의 신용제약 결정요인
A Study on Determinants of Credit Constraint in Korean Household
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초록
본 연구에서는 금융소외의 특수한 형태의 하나라고 할 수 있는 신용제약의 결정요인에 대해 분석하였다. 고금리의 비은행권 신용대출을 이용한 가구를 신용제약가구로 식별하여 신용제약 결정요인을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 신용제약에 가장 지배적 영향을 미치는 요인은 가계의 순자산(담보)인 것으로 분석되었다. 소득수준은 신용제약 여부를 결정하는 중요 변수이긴 하나 고액 자산 그룹에서는 신용제약에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자산이 많으면 소득수준과 무관하게 담보대출을 받을 수 있어 신용제약 상황까지는 이르지 않기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 종사상지위별로는 상용직에 비해 임시직･자영업자의 신용제약 확률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 밖에 생계비대출 비중이 높을수록 신용제약 확률이 높았으며 교육수준, 금융지식 등도 신용제약 결정요인으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 분석결과에 비추어 정책당국에서는 은행권이 사각지대(Grey zone) 차주에 대한 신용대출을 보다 적극적으로 취급하도록 유인을 제공하는 방향으로 가계신용정책을 시행할 필요가 있다. 또한 국민들의 경제지식 함양을 위해 금융경제교육을 내실화･활성화하는 방안을 강구하여야 할 것이다.
Abstract
This paper is study on household’s credit constraints, a special form of financial exclusion. Credit constraints can be defined as a condition that loan is not available to the required amount at a reasonable price. I define households borrowing non-banking credit loans as credit constraint households. The analysis results show that the most dominant factor in affecting credit constraints is the net assets of households. Income is an important variable for credit constraints, but it does not have a significant effect on credit constraints in equation that include net asset as an explanatory variable. There is a higher probability of credit constraints for temporary workers and self-employed people compared to regular workers. The degree of education and financial knowledge also act as determinants of credit constraints. Lower education and weaker financial knowledge are associated with greater credit constraint. In light of these analyses, policy authorities need to carrry out household credit policies in a way that encourages banks to extend the grey zone loans actively. Additionally, continuing effort must be strengthened to promote financial and economic education for the people.
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