唐 韓愈와 朝鮮 正祖의 ‘文論’에 대한 考察- 古文運動과 文體醇正을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This article is to observe the developing phases of the Antiquated Style movement of Han Yu(韓愈) of Tang dynasty and the Pure and Right Style movement(文體醇正) of King Jeongjo(正祖) of Choseon, and to investigate the meanings contained in each stylistics from the aspects of 'carrying Tao by writing(文以載道)' and 'congruence of Tao and writing(道文一致). Looking ate Jeongjo and Han Yu through 'carrying Tao by writing(文以載道)' and 'congruence of Tao and writing(道文一致), Han Yu aimed at realization of Tao of early Confucianism, and Jeongjo focused on the reign based on the idea of Sung(宋) Confucianism. On the development of literature, the two literary movements which are arisen by inevitable trends, are not only limited in style reforming movement, but also included thoughts characteristics. With the Antiquated Style Movement, Han Yu attempted to reform the framed style(騈文) which was aesthetic technic at the time of Wei(魏) and Jin(晉), to abolish the abuses of Buddhism and Taoism, to recover the old Tao and to succeed to lineage of Confucianism. Jeongjo performed the Pure and Right Style movement for correction of vices arisen from the literatures between later Ming(明) and early Ching(淸), the literatures based on folk stories, the bibliographical study, the doctrines of Wang Yang-Ming(王陽明), the western studies, etc., and tried to realize stylistic of Sung Confucian congruence of Tao and writing, and to establish the base of reign. The returning to 'the antiquated style(古文)' which began with recognition on new style, was not only opposing the aesthetic technic or form of framed style. It was a reformation of new style asserting carrying Tao by writing with acceptance of old one. Han Yu asserted the recovery of confucian old Tao by the antiquated style, and the usage of contemporary writing by the comprehension of old Tao without attachment on sentence and phrase. It can be said as the state of 'catching fish and forgetting weir(得魚忘筌)'. Han Yu's such antiquated style movement was satisfied with the trend of the time and influenced to later. Writers of later Choseon had a desire of individual and liberal style. Some of them wrote individually and put importance on secret of nature. And some of them asserted that writings had to express the contemporary things and events in the language of the time, because, influenced with the emergence of modern thinking, they considered Tao and writing separately and thought change of Tao in accordance with flow of time. Sung Confucian writing style was declined by especially, the change of style for civil service examination, and the attitude of adoration on Chinese products and culture which was prevalent among noble. Therefore, King Jeongjo advocated the policy of the Pure and Right Style movement, and asserted the recovery old Tao by the carrying Tao by writing. He attempted to recover Sung Confucian writing style with the Pure and Right Style movement, and to strengthen sovereign power by reflecting it on reign. He accomplished the movement in certain level at politic. However, regretably, he could not lead the contemporary writing trend to the pure and right antiquated style, and develop as literature movement corresponding with the time.