唐前山水意識的演進與抒寫方式的嬗變

Abstract

We always view such theory that the poet obtained much from nature mountains and rivers. If we analysis that sentence carefully, we’ll find its meaning contains some contents, not only the country’s unlucky is the poet’s lucky, but also the mountains and rivers gave them poetry materials and stimulated their emotions. In Chinese literature, the writing combined by the landscape and the characters started by the Shijing’s（詩經） time, maybe more earlier, as soon as the literature is born, it comes to being. In this paper, we try to discuss on the landscape literature, especially on the two how to be combined. Through my study, I find there are six aspects in its history, as Qixing（起興）, Bide（比德）, Pinzao（品藻）, TiDao（體道）, Fuxing（賦形） and Jiqing（寄情）. Qixing（起興） means the landscape has some abilities to bring some inspirations and thoughts to poets. If poets find some morals from the landscape and write down in the poem style, we called it Bide（比德）. In WeiJin dynasties（魏晉）, some metaphysics used landscape language to judge and admire persons, it’s called Pinzao(品藻）. Almost at the same time, some metaphysics thought philosophy theory and felt the DAO（道） also from the nature, it means TiDao（體道）. In some times, authors described the landscapes very attentively as if they are painters, we named it Fuxing（賦形）. Finally in the nanbei dynasties（南北朝）, some outstanding writers found a new style to solute it. With their travels, they put their special feelings and emotions on the mountains and rivers, so in their poems the mountains and rivers were not the nature landscape any more. We call that way is Jiqing（寄情）. From Qixing（起興） to Jiqing（寄情）, the time line was not important actully, the combined ways and the rules just we focused on.