대화 시기의 아랍어 부흥운동과 선구자들 -이집트와 레반트 지역을 중심으로-

Abstract

Following the Napoleonic expedition to Egypt in 1798, the Arab revival movement was in progress divided into the revival of Islam and the revival of literary Arabic. As for the revival of Arabic, it has been mostly executed in Egypt and the Levant, and has gained a remarkable success by devoted and enthusiastic leaders. After Muhammad Ali's regime, Egypt has been one of the major intellectual centers in the modern Arab world. During the late 19th century and early 20th century, it was the Mecca of Arab intellectuals who gathered from all over the Arab world. The linguistic studies from Al Zabidi to Al Dusqi were essentially traditional in content and form. However, a new literary enlighten movement inspired and influenced by Western ideas began to emerge in the various areas. In particular, the translation movement of foreign original works into Arabic and lexicographic activities contributed to the modernization of the Arab culture. The most well-known figure who represent these trends was Al Tahtawi,The revival of Arabic in the Levant assumed different aspects from the revival in Egypt. The linguistic studies in Egypt, mostly, were driven by the Muslim immigrants, while in the Levant, led by Christian Arabs. Among the outstanding leaders were Syrian Maronite Bishop Farḥāt, members of the Bustānī and the Yāzijī. They devoted themselves to the revival of Arabic by promoting lexicography and translation movements. In addition, they pointed out incorrect use of Arabic and the linguistic errors, and emphasized the important role of Arabic in the Arab nationalism.