터키에서 공화인민당의 집권과 세속주의 여성의 출현
The Ruling of Republican Peoples Party and The Emergence of Secularist Ladies in Turkey
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Building the secular nation-state, the secular elites adopted secularism as the fundamental doctrine in ruling the country. Atatürk and the secular elites regarded the formation of Turkish women's identity as equal as the rights of the Western women as one of the most important determinants for the national development. It was because they believed that Turkish women's separation from the past, so to speak the women's emancipation from the Islamic traditional norms and practices would be the key means of the successful secular nation-state construction based upon the westernized modernization and the nationalism. In order to legitimize the Turkish women's participation in social activities, the secular elites paid attention to how to restore the traditional equality value in the pre-Islamic period. The fact that the gender equality has been inherent in Turkish people needed to be emphasized as a virtue for the national development. Simultaneously, they emphasized westernization as a strategy for the development so that Turkish women could be comrades of men by adopting education from the West and the Western costume. Besides, the Western civil law was introduced by the secular elites for the women's more participation in social activities, which was evaluated as an epoch-making contribution to women's status. This newly adopted civil law prohibited the custom of polygamy and illegal divorce. But the women living in the big cities who were endowed with unprecedented right by the secular reformation were given opportunities of education and to join social activities.
Abstract
Building the secular nation-state, the secular elites adopted secularism as the fundamental doctrine in ruling the country. Atatürk and the secular elites regarded the formation of Turkish women's identity as equal as the rights of the Western women as one of the most important determinants for the national development. It was because they believed that Turkish women's separation from the past, so to speak the women's emancipation from the Islamic traditional norms and practices would be the key means of the successful secular nation-state construction based upon the westernized modernization and the nationalism. In order to legitimize the Turkish women's participation in social activities, the secular elites paid attention to how to restore the traditional equality value in the pre-Islamic period. The fact that the gender equality has been inherent in Turkish people needed to be emphasized as a virtue for the national development. Simultaneously, they emphasized westernization as a strategy for the development so that Turkish women could be comrades of men by adopting education from the West and the Western costume. Besides, the Western civil law was introduced by the secular elites for the women's more participation in social activities, which was evaluated as an epoch-making contribution to women's status. This newly adopted civil law prohibited the custom of polygamy and illegal divorce. But the women living in the big cities who were endowed with unprecedented right by the secular reformation were given opportunities of education and to join social activities.
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