카자흐스탄의 국가경쟁력과 외국인직접투자
National Competitiveness of Kazakhstan and Foreign Direct Investment
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This study analyzes and assesses the national competitiveness of Kazakhstan by generalized double diamond model developed from Porter’s diamond model and discusses the role of foreign direct investment in the national competitiveness in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has passed about 20years from soviet plan economy to market economy and during that period,Kazakhstan received a lot of FDI by open market policy. Especially, the oil,gas, and mineral sectors occupy the most of FDI to Kazakhstan. Analyzing the competitiveness of Kazakhstan by generalized double diamond model, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, structure, and rivalry, and overseas factor conditions have comparative advantages to other Eastern Europe countries and CIS countries excepting domestic factor conditions. In domestic factor conditions, the national competitiveness is comparatively low because, wage increase is high and investment on engineers and scientists is low. To improve national competitiveness of Kazakhstan, FDI should be diversified in other manufacturing areas not only in oil and gas areas, and should be focused on human resources as scientists and engineers that induce technology transfer. Kazakhstani government should maintain and improve legal structure for investors to keep FDI inflow steadily and induce infrastructure investment to construct industrial development conditions.
Abstract
This study analyzes and assesses the national competitiveness of Kazakhstan by generalized double diamond model developed from Porter’s diamond model and discusses the role of foreign direct investment in the national competitiveness in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has passed about 20years from soviet plan economy to market economy and during that period,Kazakhstan received a lot of FDI by open market policy. Especially, the oil,gas, and mineral sectors occupy the most of FDI to Kazakhstan. Analyzing the competitiveness of Kazakhstan by generalized double diamond model, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, structure, and rivalry, and overseas factor conditions have comparative advantages to other Eastern Europe countries and CIS countries excepting domestic factor conditions. In domestic factor conditions, the national competitiveness is comparatively low because, wage increase is high and investment on engineers and scientists is low. To improve national competitiveness of Kazakhstan, FDI should be diversified in other manufacturing areas not only in oil and gas areas, and should be focused on human resources as scientists and engineers that induce technology transfer. Kazakhstani government should maintain and improve legal structure for investors to keep FDI inflow steadily and induce infrastructure investment to construct industrial development conditions.
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