심연국가(Deep State)와 이집트 아랍민주공화국: 아랍의 봄 이후 이집트 군부의 지대추구체제 연구
Deep State and the Arab Republic of Egypt: Studies on Egypt Military Rentierism in Post-Arab Spring Era
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
아랍의 봄 이후, 이집트 군부(Egyptian Armed Forces, EAF)는 이집트 사회내 정치᠊경제적 측면에서 이전 군부가 지니고 있던 영향력을 뛰어넘는 행위자로 발돋움하였다. 특히 2013년 군부 쿠데타로 무슬림 형제단의 무르시 대통령이 축출되고 2014년 엘시시 대통령이 정권을 잡은 이후로 이집트 비공식 경제부문, 통계적으로 ‘관측되지 않은 경제’(non-observed economy)에서 군부 영향력 확대가 진행되었다. 이집트 군부의 이집트 경제 진출 구조는 지대추구체제로 분석이 가능하다. 걸프 산유국의 석유와 같이 지대 추구를 실행할 핵심 상품은 부재하지만 산업별로 군부가 할 수 있는 합법적인 개입을 포함, 사막 지역을 포함, 이집트 영토의 95%를 공유지를 소유하고 있는 이집트 정부는 군부의 지대 추구를 가능하게 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 시장경제 체제 내에서 행위자 간 공정 경쟁에서 발생하는 이윤추구와 대비되는 독점적 지위, 정부보조를 통해 이익이 극대화 되는 이집트의 군부 심연 국가화와 군부 지대추구체제를 조망한다. 이를 통해 아랍의 봄 이후 이집트 사회에서 이집트 군부의 역할이 갖는 함의와 새로운 영향력을 지대추구 이론을 바탕으로 고찰할 것이다.
Abstract
After the Arab Spring, the Egyptian Armed Forces(EAF) emerged as an actor that surpassed the influence of the previous military in the political and economic aspects of Egyptian society. Egypt's military currently dominates a key sector of the informal economy called the shadow economy or parallel economy. The Egyptian military has been involved in not only daily necessities such as food, diary products and flour, but also raw material industries such as cement, fertilizer, oil, mineral, and social overhead capital(SOC) projects such asports, piers, roads, water supply and sewerage, electricity, and telecommunications. Therefore, in this paper, theoretical framework of deep state and rentierism will be applied to examine the role of Egyptian military not only in El-Sisi government but as a whole history of Arab republic of Egypt.
참고문헌 (51)
- 김수완, "이집트 언론 검열과 사회적 금기", 인문과학연구논총, 40(3), pp.73~96 (2019), 인문과학연구소[DOI]
- 김은비, "이집트군의 정치개입", 중동연구, 37(1), pp.57~84 (2018), 중동연구소
- 김정명, "아랍의 봄 이후 중동 지역의 언론‧예술 분야 표현의 자유: 이집트, 터키, 이란을 중심으로", 한국중동학회논총, 40(2), pp.107~136 (2019), 한국중동학회[DOI]
- Abdel-Malek, A., "Nasserism and socialism" (1964), Socialist Register
- Adams, R. H, "Evaluating the process of development in Egypt, 1980–97", International Journal of Middle East Studies, 32(2), pp.255~275 (2000)
- Ayoob, M., "Political Islam: image and reality", World Policy Journal, 21(3), pp.1~14 (2004)
- Baker, R. W., "Egypt’s uncertain revolution under Nasser and Sadat" (2013), Harvard University Press
- Beblawi, H., "The rentier state in the Arab world", Arab Studies Quarterly, pp.383~398 (1987)
- Beblawi, H., "The rentier state" (2015), Routledge
- Dekmejian, R. H., "Egypt and Turkey: The Military in the Background" (2021), Routledge
- Dieter, W, "Development Centre Studies The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy Egypt: Egypt" (1998), OECD Publishing
- Droz-Vincent, P, "Military politics of the contemporary Arab world" (2020), Cambridge University Press
- Faris, D. M., "Deep state, deep crisis: Egypt and American policy", Middle East Policy, 20(4), pp.99~110 (2013)
- Filiu, J. P., "From deep state to Islamic state: The Arab counter-revolution and its jihadi legacy" (2015), Oxford University Press
- García, M. G, "The 2017 Gulf Crisis", pp.115~127 (2017), Springer
- The role of the Egyptian military in domestic society, "Gotowicki, S. H.", DoD’s Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO), National Defense University, ~ (1997)
- Gunter, M. M., "Conflict, democratization, and the Kurds in the Middle East", pp.17~39 (2014), Palgrave Macmillan
- Harker, D., "Power Brokers: Three Revolutionaries Who Shaped Post-revolutionary Egypt and Tunisia", Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies, 38(1), pp.1~44 (2021)
- Hashim, A. S., "The Egyptian military, part one: From the Ottomans through Sadat", Middle East Policy, 18(3), pp.63~78 (2011)
- Holmes, A. A., "Myths of military defection in Egypt and Tunisia", Mediterranean Politics, 25(1), pp.45~70 (2020)
- Joya, A., "The military and the state in Egypt: class formation in the post-Arab uprisings", British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 47(5), pp.681~701 (2020)
- Kandil, H., "Soldiers, spies, and statesmen: Egypt's road to revolt" (2014), Verso Trade
- Khan, R., "Arab Spring failure: A case study of Egypt and Syria", Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal, 4(1), pp.44~53 (2020)
- Kenawy, E. M., "The economic development in Egypt during the 1952-2007 period", Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2), pp.588~603 (2009)
- Lofgren, M., "The deep state: The fall of the constitution and the rise of a shadow government" (2016), Penguin
- Mahdavi, H., "Studies in the conomic history of the Middle East" (1970), Oxford University Press
- Roy, D. A., "The hidden economy in Egypt", Middle Eastern Studies, 28(4), pp.689~711 (1992)
- Seddon, David., "The Politics of Adjustment: Egypt and the IMF, 1987–1990", Review of African Political Economy, 17(47), pp.95~104 (1990)
- Shambayati, H., "The rentier state, interest groups, and the paradox of autonomy: state and business in Turkey and Iran", Comparative Politics, pp.307~331 (1994)
- Soliman, M., "Egypt’s Informal Economy: An Ongoing Cause of Unrest", Journal of International Affairs, 73(2), pp.185~194 (2020)
- Sooyler, M., "The Turkish deep state: State consolidation, civil-military relations and democracy" (2015), Routledge
- Springborg, R., "The Egyptian Military: A Slumbering Giant Awakes", pp.28~ (2019), Carnegie Middle East Center
- Sullivan, D. J., "The Political Economy of Reform in Egypt", International Journal of Middle East Studies, 22(3), pp.317~334 (1990)
- Vaner, Semih., "Turquie: la démocratie ou la mort", Politique étrangère, 63(4), pp.763~778 (1998)
- Völkel, J. C., "Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Egypt", pp.107~119 (2021), Routledge
- Waterbury, J., "The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat" (2014), Princeton University Press
- "Egypt: Good Progress to Date, but Sustainability Requires Deep, Transformational Change" (2019)[URL]
- "Egypt’s Ministry of Military Production Companies Do Not Aim to Compete With Private Sector: Minister" (2018)[URL]
- "Brazil's Experience Offers Lessons For Egyptian Civil Society" (2013)[URL]
- "“This Land is their Land”: Egypt’s Military and the Economy" (2016)[URL]
- "Sightings of the Egyptian deep state" (2012)[URL]
- "Right to Information and National Security in Egypt" (2020)[URL]
- "EU, UNDP and GoE work together towards mine clearance and development" (2017)[URL]
- "Zaki Abdin: 60 Embassies Requested Lands in the Administrative Capital, and a Smart City for the Ministry of Interior" (2018)[URL]
- "Exaggeration invites criticism of ‘New’ Suez Canal" (2015)[URL]
- "Suez Canal Authority to borrow US$450 mn in short-term loan" (2015)[URL]
- "why is Egypt building a new capital?" (2021)[URL]
- "Gold-Digging Generals (Part 9):National Projects" (2017)[URL]
- "Prime Minister During the Inauguration of Several Service Projects: We Accomplished 8,278 Projects" (2015)[URL]
- "From war room to boardroom. Military firms flourish in Sisi’s Egypt" (2018)[URL]
