몽골제국 시기 동방 시리아 기독교의 확산과 그 역할
The Spread of East Syriac Christianity and its Role in the Mongol Empire
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Although East Syriac Christianity flowed into China along the Silk Road in the seventh century and expanded its religious influence, it disappeared without a trace in China in the middle of the ninth century. However, it was not entirely extinguished in East Asia and remained in Central Asia and the Mongol grasslands. While the Mongol Empire emerged in the thirteenth century, tribes of the Mongolian steppe were subjugated by Chinghis Khan. At the time, Chinghis Khan formed an extensive connection with tribes such as the Qonggirat, Tatar, Oirat, and Ongut through political marriages. Christian women from those tribes in the Mongolian grasslands became Qatuns(empresses) in the Mongol Empire. Through union with the Great Khan’s family, East Syriac Christianity was absorbed into the ruling group in the Mongol Empire. Besides, some East Syriac Christians were requisitioned as soldiers, artisans, and government officials. Some entered into the central government and served the Mongol ruler. During the reign of Khublai in the middle of the thirteenth century, the East Syriac Christian community was expanded to northern China and the southern coastal areas as the Mongol Empire consolidated its domination of China. While Christians from the Western part of China emigrated through the advancing military and commerce, the Christian community manifested throughout China. As Khublai established the household registration system as one of the ruling institutions, Christians were managed as Erkegün households in the Great Khan Ulus. Most were East Syriac Christians. While they worked as officials, East Syriac Christians acted as mediators in politics and diplomacy. They greeted Catholic monks from Europe in the Khans’ palaces and visited Europe as envoys. As they were useful for religious contacts, based on their political background and flexibility in language and culture, East Syriac Christians played a role in diplomatic missions in the Mongol Empire.
Abstract
Although East Syriac Christianity flowed into China along the Silk Road in the seventh century and expanded its religious influence, it disappeared without a trace in China in the middle of the ninth century. However, it was not entirely extinguished in East Asia and remained in Central Asia and the Mongol grasslands. While the Mongol Empire emerged in the thirteenth century, tribes of the Mongolian steppe were subjugated by Chinghis Khan. At the time, Chinghis Khan formed an extensive connection with tribes such as the Qonggirat, Tatar, Oirat, and Ongut through political marriages. Christian women from those tribes in the Mongolian grasslands became Qatuns(empresses) in the Mongol Empire. Through union with the Great Khan’s family, East Syriac Christianity was absorbed into the ruling group in the Mongol Empire. Besides, some East Syriac Christians were requisitioned as soldiers, artisans, and government officials. Some entered into the central government and served the Mongol ruler. During the reign of Khublai in the middle of the thirteenth century, the East Syriac Christian community was expanded to northern China and the southern coastal areas as the Mongol Empire consolidated its domination of China. While Christians from the Western part of China emigrated through the advancing military and commerce, the Christian community manifested throughout China. As Khublai established the household registration system as one of the ruling institutions, Christians were managed as Erkegün households in the Great Khan Ulus. Most were East Syriac Christians. While they worked as officials, East Syriac Christians acted as mediators in politics and diplomacy. They greeted Catholic monks from Europe in the Khans’ palaces and visited Europe as envoys. As they were useful for religious contacts, based on their political background and flexibility in language and culture, East Syriac Christians played a role in diplomatic missions in the Mongol Empire.
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