고추와 토마토 친환경 및 관행재배지에서 분리한 위생지표 세균인 Klebsiella 및 Pseudomonas 속의 항생제 저항성 검사 방법별 반응 비교
Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Analysis Methods for Hygiene Indicator Bacteria, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas Genera, Isolated from Eco-friendly and Conventional Farms Growing Hot Pepper and Tomato Crops
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Our study investigated antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella and Pseudomonas spp., which serve as hygiene indicator bacteria, isolated from eco-friendly (EF) and conventional farms (CF) growing hot pepper and tomato crops from 2021 to 2023. Resistance was assessed against 12 antibiotics using the Sensititre system, disc diffusion method, and E-test strip method. Through 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, we identified 29 species of Klebsiella (3 from fruits, 14 from soil, 8 from irrigation water, and 4 from manure) and 81 species of Pseudomonas (19 from fruits, 33 from soil, 20 from irrigation water, and 9 from manure) were identified. Analysis of Klebsiella spp. (n=29) using the Sensititre system revealed that only isolates from EF exhibited significant resistance to AMP, while isolates from both EF and CF demonstrated resistance to CIP. In contrast, Pseudomonas spp. (n=81) showed significant differences between EF and CF for AMP, AZI, FOT, AXO, CHL, COL, and IMI; however, both groups were ultimately found to be susceptible, with resistance consistently observed only to CIP. Among the K. pneumoniae (n=8) isolates, a comparison between EF (n=3) and CF (n=5) revealed no resistance in either group across all three testing methods. Similarly, among the P. aeruginosa (n=21) isolates, both EF (n=7) and CF (n=14) showed resistance to CIP and TET in the Sensititre system, while no resistance was detected using the disk diffusion or E-test strip methods. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing bacterial isolates from hot pepper and tomato cultivation environments, likely due to the small sample size of isolates from the tomato crop.
Abstract
Our study investigated antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella and Pseudomonas spp., which serve as hygiene indicator bacteria, isolated from eco-friendly (EF) and conventional farms (CF) growing hot pepper and tomato crops from 2021 to 2023. Resistance was assessed against 12 antibiotics using the Sensititre system, disc diffusion method, and E-test strip method. Through 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, we identified 29 species of Klebsiella (3 from fruits, 14 from soil, 8 from irrigation water, and 4 from manure) and 81 species of Pseudomonas (19 from fruits, 33 from soil, 20 from irrigation water, and 9 from manure) were identified. Analysis of Klebsiella spp. (n=29) using the Sensititre system revealed that only isolates from EF exhibited significant resistance to AMP, while isolates from both EF and CF demonstrated resistance to CIP. In contrast, Pseudomonas spp. (n=81) showed significant differences between EF and CF for AMP, AZI, FOT, AXO, CHL, COL, and IMI; however, both groups were ultimately found to be susceptible, with resistance consistently observed only to CIP. Among the K. pneumoniae (n=8) isolates, a comparison between EF (n=3) and CF (n=5) revealed no resistance in either group across all three testing methods. Similarly, among the P. aeruginosa (n=21) isolates, both EF (n=7) and CF (n=14) showed resistance to CIP and TET in the Sensititre system, while no resistance was detected using the disk diffusion or E-test strip methods. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing bacterial isolates from hot pepper and tomato cultivation environments, likely due to the small sample size of isolates from the tomato crop.
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