대학생의 ChatGPT 의존성에 대한 ChatGPT 긍정적 인식, 창의적 자기신념, 학생주도성의 구조적 관계 분석
Structural Analysis of University Students' Dependency on ChatGPT: The Role of Positive Perception, Creative Self-Beliefs, and Student Agency
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초록
본 연구는 AI 도구 의존성을 완화할 수 있는 심리적 요인을 탐색하기 위해, ChatGPT에 대한 긍정적 인식, 창의적 자기신념, 학생 주도성 간의 구조적 관계를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 전국 11개 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 889명의 데이터를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 창의적 자기신념은 ChatGPT 의존성에 직접적인 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 학생 주도성을 매개로 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, ChatGPT에 대한 긍정적 인식은 ChatGPT 의존성에 직접적으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, ChatGPT에 대한 긍정적 인식이 ChatGPT 의존성에 미치는 관계에서 창의적 자기신념과 학생 주도성이 이중 매개효과를 나타냄을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 ChatGPT에 대한 긍정적 인식이 긍정적인 사용 결과로 이어지기 위해서는 창의적 자기신념과 학생 주도성과 같은 의존성을 완화할 수 있는 심리적 요인의 역할에 주목해야 함을 시사한다. 향후 AI의 긍정적 활용을 촉진하고 그 부작용을 최소화하기 위해서는 기술적 사용과 더불어 창의적 자기신념이나 학생 주도성과 같은 학습자의 심리적 역량을 강화하는 통합적 교육 전략이 요구된다.
Abstract
This study examined the structural relationships among positive perceptions of ChatGPT, creative self-beliefs, and student agency to identify psychological factors that can alleviate dependence on AI tools. Data from 889 students enrolled in 11 four-year universities nationwide were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows: First, creative self-beliefs did not have a direct, significant effect on ChatGPT dependence but exerted an indirect effect mediated by student agency. Second, positive perceptions of ChatGPT had a direct and significant impact on ChatGPT dependence. Third, creative self-beliefs and student agency demonstrated a dual mediation effect in the relationship between positive perceptions of ChatGPT and ChatGPT dependence. These findings suggest that, to ensure that positive perceptions of ChatGPT lead to beneficial usage outcomes, attention must be paid to the role of psychological factors that can alleviate dependence, such as creative self-beliefs and student agency. To promote the positive utilization of AI in the future and minimize its side effects, integrated educational strategies are required that strengthen learners' psychological competencies—such as creative self-beliefs and student agency—in addition to technical skills.
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