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ADHD인가? 영재인가?: 판별 오류 가능성

ADHD? or Gifted?: Fallibility of Identification

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주제분류교육학

초록

영재성이 주의력결핍 및 과잉행동장애(ADHD)로 잘못 판별될 수 있다는 논란은 끊임없이 제기되고 있다. 우리나라에서도 해마다 ADHD로 판별되는 아동의 수가 급격하게 증가하고 있는바 이에 대한 주의가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 ADHD 아동과 영재아동의 유사한 행동 특성의 원인으로 과흥분성과 잠재적 억제를 제시하였다. 아울러 서로의 특성에 가려 아동이 잘못 판별되는 가능성을 줄이기 위해 두 집단 아동의 행동 특성의 차이 그리고 판별과정에서의 고려사항을 제안하였다. 아동이 ADHD인지 혹은 영재인지 정확하게 판별하기 위해서는 첫째, 두 아동의 특성에 대한 전문가의 이해가 우선되어야 한다. 둘째, 판별 오류를 줄이기 위해서는 철저하고 체계적인 선별 과정을 거치는 것이 중요하다. 셋째, 아동의 행동에 대한 상황적 특수성이 고려되어야한다. 마지막으로 판별의 오류를 줄이기 위해서는 ‘과잉행동(hyperactivity)’에 대한 명확한 정의가 필요하다.

Abstract

The fallibility of identifying giftedness and ADHD continues to be challenged and hotly contested. Moreover, since the number of children with ADHD is rapidly increasing in Korea year after year, it requires a lot of attention. Therefore, this study suggested differences of behavioral characteristics between gifted children and children with ADHD and considerations of identification process to reduce the fallibility of identification by comparisons in eliciting similar behavioral characteristics between gifted children and children with ADHD due to overexcitability and latent inhibition. expert'sFirst, to identify accurately whether children are gifted or with ADHD, experts’ understanding on each characteristic should be a priority. Second, it is important to have thorough and systematic selection procedure to reduce fallibility. Third, the situational characteristics on children's behavior should be taken into account. Finally, the definition with validity on hyperactivity is required to reduce fallibility.

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