인공와우이식 아동의 읽기 연구에 관한 선행연구 분석 : 읽기 능력과 읽기 관련변인을 중심으로
Analysis of the Reading Research Undertaken with Children with Cochlear Implants : Reading abilities and reading related factors
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 인공와우이식 아동을 대상으로 한 읽기 연구 중 읽기 능력과 읽기 관련변인 연구를 분석하여 향후 읽기 연구의 방향 및 중재에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 인공와우이식 아동의 읽기 능력 및 읽기 관련 변인연구 27편을 연구의 일반적인 특성과 연구 주제별 결과로 나누어서 분석하였다. 연구 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인공와우이식 아동의 읽기 관련 연구의 일반적인 특성을 게재 연도, 연구대상, 읽기 하위영역, 검사도구, 연구방법별로 분석하여 제시하였다. 둘째, 인공와우이식 아동의 읽기 능력은 보청기를 착용한 농아동에 비해서는 좋았고, 상당수의 아동이 또래 건청 아동의 정상범위 수준으로 읽기가 가능했으나 평균적으로 또래 건청 아동에 비해서는 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 셋째, 읽기 능력에서 개인차는 매우 크게 나타났으며, 이러한 개인차를 설명하는 변인으로는 아동변인, 말소리 지각력, 구어능력, 음운처리능력이 주요 변인으로 연구되었다. 넷째, 인공와우이식 아동의 읽기 연구에서 대상아동의 특성(연령, 수술 시기, 의사소통방식 등)에 대한 구분없이 하나의 집단으로 간주한 점, 단어 재인과 읽기 이해를 포괄적으로 다루지 못한 점, 단어 재인과 음운처리영역에 대한 적절한 평가도구가 부족한 점이 문제점으로 지적된다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the research for reading abilities and reading realted factors undertaken with children with cochlear implants, and to provide the implications for future research and intervention. Twenty-seven studies were identified and reviewed. These were devided into the general characteristics of studies, and the findings for reading abilities and reading related factors. As a result, reading abilities for children with cochlear implants were significantly higher than those for deaf children with hearing aids. Although considerable proportion of children with cochlear implants showed reading performance within normal range, mean reading performance of these children was lower than that of normal hearing peers. And a wide range of individual differences of reading abilities were reported consistently. The factors related to reading abilities of children with cochlear implants were child characteristics, speech perception, oral language skills, and phonological processing skills. The selection of subjects considering a variety of child variables, comprehensive evaluation of word recognition and reading comprehension, and the development of test tools for word recognition and phonological processing for children with cochlear implants should be considered in the future studies.
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