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생애초기 누적위험요인이 유아기 문제행동을 통해 아동의 학습준비도에 미치는 영향: 영아기 기관이용의 조절효과

The Effects of Early Cumulative Risks on Children’s Problem Behavior and School Readiness: The Moderating Effect of Infancy Childcare Use

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주제분류사회복지학

초록

본 연구는 한국아동패널자료를 활용하여 생애초기 다양한 위험요인에의 노출경험이 이후 유아기의 문제행동을 통해 아동기의 학습준비도에 미치는 영향을 종단적으로 분석하였으며, 영아기 위험요인에의 노출이 유아기 문제행동에 미치는 영향이 영아기 육아지원기관 이용 여부에 따라 달라지는지 함께 살펴보았다. 즉, 영아기 누적위험요인이 아동의 학습준비도에 미치는 영향에서 유아기 문제행동을 통한 매개효과 및 이러한 매개효과가 조절변수에 따라 달라지는지를 조절된 매개효과 분석을 통해 검증하였다. 영아기 누적위험요인은 어머니의 교육수준, 어머니의 우울, 자녀 출생 순위, 저소득 가구, 생활스트레스, 부부갈등, 낮은 사회적 지지로 구성하였으며, 유아의 문제행동 척도는 내재화 문제 및 외현화 문제로, 아동의 학습준비도 척도는 사회정서발달, 학습에 대한 태도, 의사소통, 인지발달 및 일반적 지식의 하위요인으로 구성되었다. 분석결과, 영아기 누적위험요인의 수는 유아기 문제행동 수준에 유의미한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 유아기의 문제행동 수준은 취학 전 아동의 학습준비도에 부적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 매개효과는 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 영아기 육아지원기관 이용 여부에 따른 매개효과의 차이는 유의하지 않아서 육아지원기관 이용 여부의 조절된 매개효과는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 토대로 누적위험요인에 노출된 영아들을 조기발견하여 개입하기 위한 취약계층아동 대상 통합적 서비스의 확대를 제언하였다.

Abstract

This study analyzed the effects of early cumulative risk exposures on children’s later problem behavior and school readiness, using the longitudinal data of PSKC (Panel Study on Korean Children). The moderating effect of early childcare use in the mediation model was also examined. The mediation analysis was conducted to inspect the relationships among variables and moderated mediation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among variables differ depending on the infancy childcare use. Early cumulative risks were composed of mother's education level, mother's depression, children's birth order, household poverty, life stress, marital conflict, and low social support. Preschool children's problem behavior was measured with the subscales of internalized and externalized problems, and children's school readiness was measured with the subscales of social emotional development, communication, cognitive development, and general knowledge. The results showed that the number of early cumulative risks significantly affected the problem behavior level of children at age 5 and school readiness at age 7 and dose-response relationship was found between the cumulative risk factors and each variable. The problem behavior level of children at age 5 significantly predicted the school readiness of children at age 7 and indirect effects were significant, indicating the partial mediation effects of the problem behavior between cumulative risks and school readiness of the children. The moderating effects of early childcare use, however, was not significant, indicating there were no differences in the relationships among study variables depending on the early childcare use. Based on the results of the study, the need for early detection and comprehensive intervention for young children exposed to cumulative risks were suggested.

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