교정시설 치료공동체에 대한 질적메타 종합연구 -국외 연구 중심-
A Qualitative Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Communities in Correctional Facilities -International research focus-
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초록
본 연구는 교정시설 내 교정치료공동체를 도입하여 마약류에 관한 법률 위반 수형자들이 건강한 사회인으로 기능하여 재범을 예방할 수 있도록 교정차원에서 전문적인치료와 치유를 제공하고자 하였다. 그래서 국외 교정치료공동체에 관한 질적연구를체계적으로 분석하여 우리나라 교정치료공동체의 철학과 모듈 마련을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 질적 메타 종합 연구하였다. 현재 마약류에 관한 법률 위반 수형자들은마약과의 전쟁을 선포한 이후 처벌받은 인원이 증가하고 있다. 현 정부에서는 증가하는 마약류 수형자의 재범과 마약류 중독을 예방하고자 마약류 사용에 관한 법률위반자를 구속과 처벌이 원칙인 형행이념으로 일관하고 있다. 하지만, 사회 전반에 확산되고 있는 마약류 중독을 예방하지 못하고 있기에 마약류 수형자 관리에 대한 교정이념의 변화에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다고 판단된다. 우리나라에서는 일부 교정시설에서는 교정치료공동체를 실시하고 있지만, 교정치료공동체의 철학과 모듈이 미미하다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 국외 질적연구를 분석하여 우리나라에 맞는 교정치료공동체 철학과 모듈의 기초 자료를 마련하고자 한다. 연구자는 구글 학술검색을 통하여 해외에서 수행된 8편의 교정치료공동체 관련 질적 연구물들을 수집하였다. 수집된 질적연구들은 Lguirre와 Bolton 제시된 질적 해석적 메타 종합 연구로 접근하여 분석하였다. 자료 분석은 1차 문헌을 상세히 분석하면서 주제를 구성하였고, 2차 통합주제, 핵심 주제로 나눠 분석하여 주제를 구성하여 제시하였다. 해석적 이해를 중심으로 참여자의 경험 중 교정치료공동체의 구조와 내용을 구체적인 분석으로 기술하였다. 분석한 결과를 교정치료공동체의 성장 효과를 저해하는 부정적 요인과 긍정적인 요인으로 나눠 기술하였다. 교정치료공동체의 부정적 요인은 생명력 없는 프로그램, 관행적실천, 상호신뢰 기반의 동요로 나타났다. 긍정적 요인은 사회로 가는 디딤돌, 치료 집중구조, 서로에게 배움, 인격의 재구조와 윤리적 인간으로의 진화, 자기주도적 단약효능감 생성, 인본주의 치료 공간으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 의의는 교정치료공동체의철학과 구성 방안을 제시한 연구로 마약류 수형자의 관리에 관한 교정정책차원에서교정이념의 변화를 이루고자 하였다. 또한, 향후 교정기관에서 교정치료공동체의 도입및 치료 처우에 교정치료공동체의 방향을 제시함으로 마약류 수형자의 재범 예방과국민건강에 교정 연구의 학문 분야 발전에 크게 기여할 것으로 전망한다.
Abstract
This study aims to establish a correctional therapeutic community(TC) within a correctional facility and to provide specialized treatment and support for inmates who have violated drug laws, assisting them in becoming healthy members of society and reducing their likelihood of reoffending. To this end, a qualitative meta-synthesis study was undertaken to systematically analyze qualitative research conducted in foreign correctional TCs. The aim was to utilize these findings as a foundation for developing a tailored philosophy and module suitable for correctional TCs in Korea. Currently, there has been a notable increase in the number of individuals imprisoned for drug-related offenses since the initiation of the war on drugs. In an effort to address the escalating rates of reoffending and drug addiction among these inmates, the current administration has consistently favored a punitive sentencing strategy, prioritizing imprisonment for individuals convicted of violating drug laws. However, the prison system needs to change its approach to dealing with drug offenders because it hasn’t been able to stop drug addiction from spreading in society. While some correctional facilities in Korea have adopted correctional TCs, the philosophies and modules associated with these communities remain somewhat limited. Therefore, this study attempts to examine qualitative research conducted abroad in order to lay the groundwork for developing philosophies and modules tailored to correctional TCs in Korea. The researcher gathered eight foreign qualitative studies on TCs in correctional facilities from Google Scholar. These collected studies were then analyzed using a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis method, as outlined by Lguirre and Bolton. The data analysis involved examining the primary literature thoroughly to identify themes. These themes were further categorized into secondary integrative themes and core themes. The structure and content of the correctional TC, as experienced by participants, were analyzed and described through interpretive understanding. The analysis results were categorized into negative and positive factors that act as barriers to the development of the correctional TC. In the correctional TC, negative factors included dull programs, habitual practice and mutual trust-based agitation. Positive factors were stepping stones to the community, treatment-focused structure, learning from each other, personality restructuring, development into ethical human beings, creation of self-directed abstinence self-efficacy, and humanistic therapeutic space. This study presents the philosophy and organization of correctional TC and contributes to a change in correctional philosophy in relation to correctional policy for drug offenders. This study proposes the future direction of correctional TCs for their introduction and therapeutic treatment within correctional facilities. Consequently, it will make a significant contribution to the advancement of correctional research, particularly in the prevention of drug offender recidivism and public health initiatives.
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