발달지체 및 장애위험 유아를 위한 또래활용 중재 특성 및 효과 분석
Peer-Mediated Interventions for Young Children who Have or are at Risk for Developmental Delays in Korea: A Systematic Review
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초록
본 연구는 국내의 발달지체유아 및 장애위험유아를 대상으로 한 또래활용 중재 연구를 분석하여 국내 연구 동향 및 각 연구에 적용된 중재들의 특성을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 또래활용 중재의 향후 연구과제 및 통합교육 현장 활용방안에 대해 살펴보는 데에 목적이 있다. 포함/배제 조건에 근거하여 선정된 21편의 연구들을 연구대상, 중재환경, 중재소요 시간, 중재 회기, 연구 설계 및 실행의 질적 수준, 또래활용 중재의 유형, 발달영역별 중재 유형, 중재에 활용된 교수·학습요소의 항목으로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대상유아의 연령은 만5세(78%)가 가장 많았고 72%에 해당하는 연구가 유치원(38%)과 어린이집(38%)에서 이루어졌으며, 약 20분간 20-24회에 걸쳐 중재를 실시한 연구가 38%로 가장 많았다. 둘째, 단일대상연구가 90% 이상을 차지하였으며, 60%이상의 연구에서 유지 및 관찰자 신뢰도를 측정하였다. 57%의 중재가 극놀이(역할놀이)에 해당하였으며 종속변인은 사회적 상호작용, 활동참여행동 등 다양하게 나타났다. 교수·학습요소의 경우, 대부분의 연구(90%)에서 언어·신체적 촉진을 사용하였다. 끝으로, 분석 결과를 바탕으로 또래활용 중재의 향후 연구 과제 및 현장 적용 방안에 대해 논의 한다.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review research on peer-mediated intervention for young children with developmental delays and those at risk for disabilities. A total of 21 studies were analyzed based on participants, settings, session duration, number of sessions, quality of research, types of peer-mediated interventions, dependent variables, and instructional components. Results are as follows. First, most of the studies were implemented with 5-year-old children(78%) for 20-24 sessions(each session for 20 minutes, 38%) mostly in kindergarten and day-care center. Second, more than 90% of studies used single-case designs, and over 60% of studies reported maintenance and inter-rater reliability. Third, 57% of studies applied role-play; dependent variables varied (e.g., social interaction, engagement). Finally, verbal/physical prompts were included in 90% of the studies reviewed. Based on the findings, future research and practical implications were discussed.
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