중국의 인구 고령화에 따른 산업구조 전환과 3차 산업의 발전

Abstract

China has recently faced two challenges: a sharp drop in birth rate and an increase in the elderly population. Recognizing this problem, the Chinese government implemented the so-called "full two-child policy" to ease the birth control policy at the five-fold convention of the Communist Party of China in 2015. This was due to concerns that a decrease in the productive population would have a negative impact on the future Chinese economy. However, China's age-specific population structure has already become unbalanced due to rapid population growth and compulsory birth control policies. Furthermore, as time goes by, the issue of aging population will become more serious because the generation of bonus people will be incorporated into the elderly population. Since the 2000s, when China entered an aging society, various studies have been conducted in Chinese academia. Most of the research was negative concerns that aging population would undermine China's future growth engine. Recently, however, there have been discussions on China's attempt to transform its industrial structure in the wake of aging population of its population. This is because it recognized problems such as decreasing productive population, aging population, and improving industrial constitution as a comprehensive solution. Against this backdrop, measures to cope with China's aging population are likely to have many implications. Therefore, this paper aims to first diagnose changes in China's current population structure and examine the economic and social problems that these changes cause and the policies that respond to them.