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대학생의 진로결정 변화양상과 선행요인에 대한 5년 종단연구: 성장혼합모형의 적용

Career Decision Trajectories and Antecedents Among University Students: A Five-wave Growth Mixture Model Analysis

설정훈|손영우|홍규리
한국직업교육학회|2023.08|직업교육연구 (The Journal of Vocational Education Research)|제42권 제4호|pp. 1-27

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참고문헌

키워드

자존감Self esteemCareer barrier진로결정 자기효능감성장혼합모형진로 장벽Growth mixture modelCareer indecision진로미결정 유형만성적 진로미결정Chronic career indecisionCareer decision self efficacy
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 국내 일반 4년제 대학생의 진로결정 수준 변화양상에 따른 잠재프로파일을 추정하고, 계층 분류에영향을 미치는 선행요인들을 검증하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해, 청년패널조사의 9차(2015) ~ 13차(2019) 년도 종단자료를 활용하여 성장혼합모형 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 4개의 집단이 가장 적절한 것으로 나타났으며, 변화양상에 따라 ‘결정 완료’, ‘발달상의 미결정’, ‘만성적 미결정’, 그리고 ‘퇴보적 미결정’ 집단으로 명명하였다. 관련 선행변인들과 잠재계층 분류와의 관련성을 검증한 결과, 진로결정 자기효능감이 높을수록 발달상의 미결정, 퇴보적 미결정 집단보다는 결정 완료 집단에 속할 가능성이 높게 나타났다. 자존감의 경우, 자존감이 낮을수록 다른 세 집단보다 퇴보적 미결정 집단에 속할 가능성이 높았다. 마지막으로, 지각된 진로 장벽의 경우, 그 정도가 높을수록 만성적 미결정 집단에 속할 가능성이 높았으며, 다음으로 발달상의 미결정, 결정 완료, 퇴보적 미결정 집단 순으로 속할 가능성이 높았다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 함의점을 논의하였으며, 연구의한계점 및 향후 연구를 제언하였다.

Abstract

This study investigates the career decision trajectories among Korean university students and their associations with antecedent factors, including career decision self-efficacy, self-esteem, and perceived career barriers. Utilizing a five-wave longitudinal data from the Youth Panel survey covering the period from 2015 to 2019, we employed growth mixture modeling to identify four distinct career decision trajectories: ‘decided’, ‘developmental indecision’, ‘chronic indecision’, and ‘regressive indecision’. Also, the results revealed that career decision self-efficacy is related with a higher likelihood of belonging to the decided group compared to the developmental indecision and regressive indecision groups. Regarding self-esteem, individuals with lower self-esteem were more likely to belong to the regressive indecision group than the other three groups. Lastly, concerning perceived career barriers, the higher the perceived barriers, the more likely individuals were to belong to the chronic indecision group, followed by the developmental indecision, decided, and regressive indecision groups, in that order. Based on the findings of this study, implications were discussed, and the limitations of the research were addressed, along with suggestions for future studies.

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