패널 이항모형을 이용한 환경쿠즈네츠곡선(EKC)의 결정요인 분석
The Analysis of the Determinants of Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis using Panel Binary Model
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환경쿠즈네츠 곡선(EKC)은 환경오염원과 소득간의 관계를 역U자형(inverted U shape) 곡선으로 설명하는 가설이다. 본 연구에서는 환경쿠즈네츠 곡선(EKC)의 가능성을 추정하기 위해 기존연구와 달리 국가의 1차 에너지소비량을 오염원의 대리변수로 선정하여 65개 국가를 대상으로 2단계 추정전략을 적용하였다. 1단계에서는 65개 국가의 1971년∼2010년의 1차 에너지소비량을 오염원의 대리변수로 사용하여 개별국가를 대상으로 이동회귀모형(rolling regression)을 추정하여 국가 및 기간별 EKC의 성립여부에 따라 이항변수를 생성하였다. 2단계에서는 1단계에서 생성한 이항변수를 종속변수로 설정 후 EKC를 가능하게 하는 주요 설명변수를 결정요인으로 선정하여 패널이항모형(panel binary model)을 추정하였다. 추정결과, 도시인구비율증가, 에너지효율성개선, 순에너지수입증가, 정치적 평등도 개선은 EKC 가설이 성립할 확률을 증가시켰으나 GDP 대비 상품 및 서비스 수입비율 증가와 2차산업비중 증가는 EKC 가설이 성립할 확률을 감소시켰다.
Abstract
The Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC) hypothesis represents the inverted U shape relationship between economic growth and pollution. Unlike previous literature, we use primary energy consumption as the broad proxy of pollution. At the first stage, we examines the inverted U shape for each country by rolling regression. Following the first stage, we estimates the probability of EKC with major regressors using panel binary model. It turns out that urban population ratio, energy efficiency, net energy import, and political equality have a positive effect on EKC, while import to GDP ratio and secondary industry share have a negative effect on EKC.
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