외국인력 고용의 사회적 효과
Social Effect of Foreign Workers in Korea
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초록
한국에서 외국인 근로자는 생산직 인력부족과 맞물려 지속적으로 증가하여 왔다. 2003년 말 한국에 체류하고 있는 외국인 근로자는 약 38만 여명에 이르고 있다. 외국인근로자의 고용은 경제 사회적으로 편익을 가져오지만 손실을 유발하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 비시장 재화의 가치측정 방법론인 가상가치측정법을 이용하여 외국인 근로자 도입이란 정부정책의 사회적 효과에 대한 가치를 추정하였다. 분석결과, 외국인근로자의 도입은 국가 이미지 개선, 외국인에 대한 심리적 거부감 해소 등 긍정적 영향을 주는 반면, 이들을 관리하거나 부수적인 사회적 문제를 해결하기 위한 치안행정수요의 증가 등 부정적 영향도 있을 것으로 평가되었다. 실태조사에서 지불의사가 있는 응답자를 기준으로 보면, 외국인 근로자의 도입으로 사회적 편익을 느끼는 응답자는 가구당 월평균 11,276원의 지불의사가 있으며, 사회적 손실을 느끼는 응답자는 이를 해소하기 위해 가구당 월평균 9,299원의 지불의사가 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 이러한 결과는 외국인 근로자의 도입이 사회적 순편익을 주는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.
Abstract
The Korean government recently and expediently proposed legislative change to greatly liberalize the mobility of foreign workers, and the Korean congress also legislated the government proposal. As in the case of other law-making processes, civil perception and assessment of the potential social cost and benefit of such a change were important factors to be considered by administrators and politicians in deciding whether to adopt the new legislation on foreign workers. In order to assess the socially perceived cost and benefit of adopting legislation to liberalize the mobility of foreign workers, this study employs the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), a method to assess the monetary value of non-market commodities and hence here to measure the value of the social effects of the liberalization. This assessment will provide insight into the development of policy on the liberalization of mobility of foreign workers and help evaluate whether public support or resistance held sway over the Korean government's attitude in the law-making process on foreign labor. The empirical analysis shows that Korean citizens perceived that the introduction of foreign workers would have positive effects such as an improvement in the nation's image and a reduction in the psychological rejection of foreign workers, yet, they also perceived it would have negative effects such as an increase in demand for public order and administration to manage foreign workers and address associated social issues. Social costs were calculated as a monthly average of 9,299 won per household, but social benefits were calculated as 11,276 won. Therefore, if foreign labor policy is appropriately improved, Korean citizen tend to presume that liberalizing the mobility of foreign workers would generate net social benefits.
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