한무숙 소설 『역사는 흐른다』에 나타난 내셔널리즘과 젠더

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between the characteristics of Nationalism and gender consciousness, focusing on Han Mu-suk's novel, And So Flows History. In this novel, a writer tried to build the Nationalism that could realize the agenda of the construction of the new state after liberation. The agenda of the construction of a new state was the key issue to overcome the challenges of overcoming ideology of the left and right, solving the remnants of the colonies and the traditional society, and revitalizing the economy. And So Flows History reproduces this problem through the ceremony of 3.1 movement, and reproduces the ideal of Nationalism. The distinction between pro-Japanese/Nation(國民) is a problem related to the settlement of colonial residues and the overcoming of ideologies of the right and the left, so it should be flexible and rational. So this novel is critical of the South Korean government, which accepts aggressive pro-Japanese collaborators as Nation(國民), and the regime of the north of the 38th line, even excluding passive cooperators from Nation(國民). Under these assumptions, And So Flows History seeks the social principles of Nationalism that can form a de-ideological national community and does not summon it in traditional society. Although the history of the nation(民族) is maintained by the traditional systems and norms that are closely hierarchized by the status and the gender, its system and norms are the forces that not unit the society and the national community, but divide them. Therefore, it seeks the social principles of Nationalism that can support the new state in the competent society established by capitalistic development ideology and modern rationalism. In this novel, if people were capable, they hoped for a society that could succeed both as a person regardless of status or gender, and act as a political subject. However, And So Flows History shows an excessive bias toward a competence society and embodies the fantasy that modern women's image is a Wise mother and good wife based on patriarchal ideology. In addition, it claims the subjectivity of women, but exposes women's sexual self-determination to the limits of expelling them from the boundaries of Nationalism.