태평양전쟁기 만주국에서의 문화통제 -작가동원을 중심으로-

Abstract

With the outbreak of the Pacific War, Manchukuo had to direct all it's strength to support Japan's war of aggression. During this period, the government of Manchukuo focused on literature and art, so-called 'YeMun(藝文)' as a way to propagate the national policy of fulfilling the war objective to its people and to mobilize them. In March 1941, the Government Information Agency of Manchukuo gave out guidelines of YeMun and started to control the activities of literary people. Control over literary people was implemented mainly by breaking up existing associations or organizations of writers, establishing new government service groups that were under control of the government, or controlling the activity space of writers from discontinuance and launch of literary magazines. In addition, writers were mobilized quite frequently in all kinds of government-run events and were forced to hold symposiums or briefing session or to submit written reports. Around 1943, when the state of affairs at the Pacific War drastically changed, the Manchuguo government handled all matters toward 'fulfilling the war objective' calling out for 'the decisive war. In the literary world, two literary magazines were first published at this point when the will for a decisive war was desperately required of the general public: YeMunji(藝文志, Chinese) and Yemun(藝文, Japanese). The mission of these new magazines was to practice 'allegiance to the country through literature and art.' The first publication of both magazines, in particular, features at the top of the list of contents essays by the Chief of the Government Information Agency, which clearly stated that the mission of contemporary writers is to produce works in large quantities that can contribute to promoting the will to fight and to fulfilling the war objective. The list of contents of these two magazines indicate that the writers enthusiastically cooperated with the government's demand at the time. A lot of the writers made fact-finding tours to mines or farming areas and produced creative works including reports and novels based on their experiences at these sites. A major part of the contents of these works involved national policies of Manchukuo at the time such as 'decisive war,' 'development,' and 'increased production.' The writers idealized and propagated the national policies. The writers of Manchukuo during the Pacific War submitted to the colonial power and actively cooperated to the nation's war efforts.