12世紀 南中國 讀書人의 오락과 유흥

Abstract

In the era of Song dynasty, the agricultural productivity had been increased and the handicraft industry had been developed. As a result, the fundamental terms and conditions to develop cities and urbiculture were fulfilled. The walls to separate the section of city[坊墻] that hindered the growth of city were disappeared. Also the system to divide the market of city[坊市] was abolished. This led to the free commercial activity. In the record of the essay about Kaifeng[開封] and Hangzhou[杭州], the former capital cities of Song dynasty, there are on some records of the entertainments of the two cities. The entertainment's center was "Wǎshě Theater[瓦舍勾欄]" in the era of Song dynasty. It seems that "Wǎshě" had already become the popular amusements from Song dynasty. The readers of Song dynasty had played a very important role in the consumer market of culture and entertainment and they were the respected authority of them. The feature of the literati's class in Song dynasty is known from their financial abilities and the character depicted in novel. In the era of Song dynasty, the economy had been developed and the literati had good social standing. The terms and conditions to develop culture were prepared economically and socially. Based on it, the literati had brought the time of unprecedented cultural prosperity. These terms and conditions to develop culture and social differentiation and development are closely linked. And those became the foundation for literature and cultural industry. Unlike the past, the Song government held the Chinese Imperial examination under the new system that standardized and diversified the exam. This led increasing the number of Jinshi[進士] who passed the test, the number of Jinshi even reached up to 700. People came to regard Jinshi as entering public service. A person who won the first place in the exam attained the greatest honor. The rapid development of literati rank caused increasing the number and improving the socioeconomic status of literati. Based on this, literati rank became the leading consumer of culture and entertainment. Also they had largely affected the culture and entertainment of Song dynasty. In terms of the contribution to the culture and entertainment of Song dynasty by the literati, the material prosperity stimulated their passion for creativity. Also the economic development provided the material of literature and helped spread the literature. Thus, the literati and the culture and entertainment market of Song dynasty interacted on each other and contributed to develop of each other.