張王 信仰의 발전과정 - 唐末·兩宋代 민간신앙 발전과정에 대한 새로운 모색 -
The Evolution of King Zhang Cult
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This article examined the long-term evolution of the King Zhang cult from a local to a regional cult between the late Tang and the Southern Song periods. As the King Zhang cult spread from a rural area like Guangde to the imperial capital of Hangzhou, the images of the cult diversified. During the Southern Song period, the deity won fame as an omnipresent deity who responded quickly and effectively to the people’s various requests for spiritual aid. Therefore, the diversification of King Zhang’s image was shaped by the expansion of the cult both geographically and socially as it became entrenched throughout the whole Southern Song territory and among people of every social class. Furthermore, this article looked at a variety of factors that contributed to the cult’s rapid growth such as interregional migration, the emergence of pilgrimage sites that attracted worshipers from distant areas, and the carnivals in which the devotees of the cult could strengthen their religious identities. The extensive propagation of the King Zhang cult attracted attentions from both state authorities and the literati during this period. While the state authorities of the Five Dynasties and Northern Song periods acknowledged and endorsed the influence of the King Zhang cult within local communities through awarding titles to its temples in an effort to secure their own control over these communities, the Southern Song literati intimately participated in the religious practices of the King Zhang cult out of personal conviction as well as their active engagement in the local community. Consequently, the evolution of the King Zhang cult clearly shows not only the increasing significance of popular worship in the rise and spread of regional cults from the late Tang to the Southern Song but also the differences between the responses of the state and local literati to this phenomenon. This article, in particular, dealt with the other agents such as the places of pilgrim and their carnivals, which also made a great contribution to the spread of the King Zhang cult. In a historical context, the Song society provided greatly free atmosphere for ordinary people to join the pilgrimage to the sacred places and their carnivals. These behaviors helped them to share the common identity and propagate the religion to far broader areas.
Abstract
This article examined the long-term evolution of the King Zhang cult from a local to a regional cult between the late Tang and the Southern Song periods. As the King Zhang cult spread from a rural area like Guangde to the imperial capital of Hangzhou, the images of the cult diversified. During the Southern Song period, the deity won fame as an omnipresent deity who responded quickly and effectively to the people’s various requests for spiritual aid. Therefore, the diversification of King Zhang’s image was shaped by the expansion of the cult both geographically and socially as it became entrenched throughout the whole Southern Song territory and among people of every social class. Furthermore, this article looked at a variety of factors that contributed to the cult’s rapid growth such as interregional migration, the emergence of pilgrimage sites that attracted worshipers from distant areas, and the carnivals in which the devotees of the cult could strengthen their religious identities. The extensive propagation of the King Zhang cult attracted attentions from both state authorities and the literati during this period. While the state authorities of the Five Dynasties and Northern Song periods acknowledged and endorsed the influence of the King Zhang cult within local communities through awarding titles to its temples in an effort to secure their own control over these communities, the Southern Song literati intimately participated in the religious practices of the King Zhang cult out of personal conviction as well as their active engagement in the local community. Consequently, the evolution of the King Zhang cult clearly shows not only the increasing significance of popular worship in the rise and spread of regional cults from the late Tang to the Southern Song but also the differences between the responses of the state and local literati to this phenomenon. This article, in particular, dealt with the other agents such as the places of pilgrim and their carnivals, which also made a great contribution to the spread of the King Zhang cult. In a historical context, the Song society provided greatly free atmosphere for ordinary people to join the pilgrimage to the sacred places and their carnivals. These behaviors helped them to share the common identity and propagate the religion to far broader areas.
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