근대시기 중국 공공도서관의 설립과 발전에 대한 고찰

Abstract

China has a very old history of libraries. A large volume of traditional collection books prove it. However, due to the influence of the feudal ideology, the library was only used as a place to store books, Only a handful of people were available, so their social value was not great. The characteristics of the modern public library, which is distinct from the traditional library, are open to the general public and are freely available to everyone. In addition, it can protect and preserve the ancient cultural heritage, and has the characteristic of collecting domestic and foreign books of the time, and eventually transformed into the public library with public character from ancient vow. The modern public library in China started with the end of the Qing Dynasty, followed by the Revolution of 1911 and the early excitement period of the Republic of China, leading to the development stage after the 5.4 movement. After the Opium War in the end of the Qing Dynasty, China could not overcome the wave of massive modernization even in the rage of foreign exchange. The continued political and military failure has devastated the Qing dynasty as a hell of a downfall. Even in this situation, the intellectuals made various efforts for the stability of the rich country and the stability of the nation. Some of the intellectuals learned the advanced management system and technology of the western countries to build a public library in order to enlighten the general people, and some claimed that the state should lead the modern library. At the same time, there is a voice in the Qing government that it is necessary to establish a national library and nurture human resources. In this social atmosphere, the Beijing Normal Library was established in Beijing, followed by the establishment of public libraries in all provinces. The establishment of public libraries has become a turning point for the development of modern libraries in China. In this paper, we will examine the establishment and development process of public libraries in the period of the Republic of China from the end of the Qing Dynasty. We will focus on the establishment and development of the national library, the Provincial Library , and the Public Private Library. Through this, we will examine how the Chinese library business is transformed into a modern library by moving out of the traditional library.