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피고인의 성격증거(Character Evidence)가 사실인정에 미치는 영향

The effects of Defendant’s character evidence on fact-finding

박주용|고민조
한국법심리학회 (Korean Association of Psychology and Law)|2019.11|한국심리학회지:법 (Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology)|제10권 제3호|pp. 215-235|DOI 10.53302/kjfp.2019.11.10.3.215

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참고문헌

키워드

확증편향사실인정character evidence성격증거증거판단공판절차이분화fact-findingevidence judgementconfirmation biasDivision of Fact-finding and Sentencing

초록

본 연구에서는 피고인의 성격증거가 사실인정과 증거판단에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 대학생을 대상으로 피고인의 성격증거를 다르게 조작하는 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 피고인의 성격증거가 최초판단은 물론 이후에 제시되는 쟁점별 증거판단에도 영향을 준다는 것을 확인하였다. 피고인에 대해 부정적 성격증거를 제시하면, 긍정적 성격증거를 제시하는 조건에 비해 유죄 판단 확률과 유죄 판단의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 피고인의 성격증거에 영향을 받는 유․무죄판단은 이후 검사 측과 변호인 측의 쟁점별 주장판단에도 영향을 미쳤다. 피고인에 대해 유죄판단을 했을 경우 검사 측의 주장을, 무죄 판단을 했을 경우에는 변호인 측 주장을, 각각 높이 평가했다. 또한 유죄로 판단한 실험참여자는 무죄로 판단한 실험참여자보다 쟁점별 유죄 판단 확률이 높았다. 이상의 결과는, 성격증거에 의해 영향을 받은 초기 판단이, 확증 편향과 신념고수 현상을 일으켜, 이후의 증거 판단과 유․무죄에 관한 최종 판단까지 유지됨을 시사한다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로, 합리적이고 공정한 재판을 위해 이러한 편향을 배제시킬 수 있는 제도적 장치의 필요성을 제기하였다.

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate whether the defendant's character evidence affects fact-finding and evidence judgments. The results showed that manipulating the defendant's character evidence differently affected the initial judgment. The conditions under which the defendant's negative character evidence was presented were judged to have a higher probability of guilt against the defendant than the conditions under which the positive character evidence was presented, and the frequency of the conviction was higher. The ruling, which was formed by character evidence of the defendant also affected the prosecution and the defense's claims based on each issue. It can be seen that the judgment of the defendant induced by the character evidence of the defendant is maintained not only in the judgment of evidence but also in the final judgment. Therefore, it is necessary to come up with a legal system rule out this bias for a fair trial.

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