트리플 힐릭스 공간 구축을 통한 클러스터의 경로파괴적 진화: 미국 리서치트라이앵글파크 사례
Sustaining Cluster Evolution through Building the Triple-Helix Spaces: The Case of the Research Triangle Park, USA
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초록
1950년대에 조성된 RTP는 계획적으로 조성된 첨단 산-학 복합단지임과 동시에 외생적 발전 전략으로 클러스터 기반을 구축한 후, 성장 과정에서 내생적 발전 역량을 갖추게 된 흥미로운 사례이다. 본 논문에서는 외생적 발전 전략에 의해 계획적으로 조성된 RTP가 어떻게 성공적인 진화 경로를 밟게 되었는지, 그 과정과 요인을 트리플 힐릭스공간의 구축 과정을 통해 분석하였다. RTP의 클러스터 형성 초기에는 지식 공간의 존재와 역할이 중요했으나, RTP의고도성장기에 지식 공간이 미친 영향은 상대적으로 미흡했다. 반면에, NC 과학기술위원회는 트리플 힐릭스 합의 공간으로서, RTP의 조성단계에서부터 지금까지 클러스터의 경로파괴적 진화를 견인한 핵심 주체라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 RTP의 지속적 진화 과정에는 노스캐롤라이나 생명공학연구센터(NCBC)와 노스캐롤라이나 마이크로일렉트릭센터(MCNC) 등과 같은 혁신 공간은 클러스터의 트리플 힐릭스 상호작용을 유발하는 핵심 중개기관의 역할을 수행했다. 오늘날, RTP에는 합의 공간을 중심으로 지식 공간과 혁신 공간이 연계되는 구조를 통해 트리플 힐릭스 공간이 구축되어 있으며, 이를 통해 기존 산업 생태계의 역동성을 유지하면서도 새로운 산업 생태계가 성장하는 이른바 역동적 진화구조를 나타내고 있다.
Abstract
Established as the first science park in the world in the late 1950’s, the Research TrianglePark(RTP) has not jut grown significantly but also has been successful in the transition from the exogenousdevelopment model to the endogenous development model. In this context, this paper attempts toexplore the evolutionary path of the RTP by drawing upon the concept of triple-helix spaces of regionalinnovation. Firstly, the three research universities in the triangle area, as a knowledge space, played a fundamentalrole for forming the RTP. However, it is difficult to say that the regional universities, as opposedto the Silicon Valley and the Boston area, have had a significant impact on inducing the dynamics of thecluster evolution and the triple helix spaces. Secondly, it can be argued that the North Carolina’s Board of Science and Technology, which was formed in 1961 but traced back to the 1950’s in its origin, has been acenterpiece of a consensus space that makes a contribution to creating, sustaining and transforming theRTP as a triple-helix-based innovation cluster. Thirdly, there have been a plenty of agents to be an innovationspace in the RTP. Particularly, the North Carolina Biotechnology Center(NCBC) and the MicroelectronicCenter of North Carolina(MCNC) have been the boundary permeable agents to make triplehelixagents interact. Today, the RTP has the triple-helix spaces with the structure that a consensus spacesis centered on out of the three, but all of those are inter-connected and influenced by each other. It can beclaimed that the RTP today shows the dynamic structure of cluster evolution in a way in which the existingindustry sectors have adapted to the changes in external environment and the new industry sectorshave emerged at the same time.
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