계약생산과 초국적 농식품 체계: 제주도 제스프리 골드키위 농업을 사례로
Contract Farming and the Transnational Agri-food System : The Case of Zespri Gold Kiwifruit Farming in Jeju Island
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초록
본 연구는 뉴질랜드에 기반을 둔 초국적 유통업체 제스프리사와 제주도 서귀포시 농가 간 제스프리 골드키위 계약생산에 주목하고, 계약생산의 목적과 실제를 고찰하여 지역농가가 초국적 농식품 체계에 어떻게 통합되고 있는지를 밝혀보고자 하였다. 지역농가는 계약생산을 통해 제스프리사의 글로벌 수급 전략에서 로컬 시장의 수요를 충당하는 역할을 수행함에 따라 제스프리사가 주도하는 초국적 농식품 체계에 통합되고 있다. 이 과정에서 계약기업은 생산요소 공급에서 제한적인 역할만을 담당하고, 생산기술의 현장 적용에 있어서도 현지 생산자와 협력을 통해 진행하고 있다. 이로 인해 지역농업에 대한 계약기업의 통제력은 제한되고, 지역농가와 기업 간 관계는 농가가 능동적으로 생산에 참여함에 따라 수평적인 관계를 형성하고 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to identify the process by which local farmers are integrated into the transnational agri-food system. To that end, this study investigated the purpose and reality of the contract farming for Gold Kiwifruit between Zespri International, a transnational fruit producer based in New Zealand, and farmers in Seogwipo-si, Jeju Island. Through this contract farming, Jeju farmers were contributing to Zespri’s global distribution strategy and helping the corporation meet local demand. In the process, local farmers were being integrated into the transnational agri-food system led by Zespri. In the cooperation between these two parties, the company took a limited role in providing production resources, and it consulted local producers in applying production technologies to local sites. Thanks to such practices, the company’s influence on local farming was limited, and local farmers were able to function proactively in production. Therefore, the company and the farmers maintained a horizontal relationship.
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