미국 수도권 IT서비스산업 집적지의 진화: 페어팩스 카운티를 사례로
The Evolution of the IT Service Industry in the U.S. National Capital Region: The Case of Fairfax County
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 클러스터 적응주기모델을 토대로 미국 수도권지역에 위치한 페어팩스 카운티 IT서비스산업의진화경로를 탐색하는 것이다. 1970년대부터 현재까지 지역 IT서비스산업에 대한 문헌, 업체 및 고용수, 인터뷰자료를이용하여 시기별 특성을 분석하였고, 1990~2011년 기간 동안 지역산업의 성장요인을 알기 위해 변이할당분석을 시행하였다. 적응주기모델에 따르면 페어팩스 카운티의 IT서비스산업은 클러스터 변화지속형 궤적을 보이고 있음을 알수 있다. 지역산업은 국방성과의 지리적 근접성, 수도권이라는 지역적 특수성으로 인해 정부정책의 영향을 많이 받아왔다. 2000년대 후반 경기침체에도 불구하고, 지역 회복력이 높아 끊임없이 변모하는 클러스터 유형을 보이는 데에는 정부의 안정적인 수요와 기업의 역량강화, 지원부문과 기업 등 행위주체의 긴밀한 연계로 인해 충격으로부터 회복력이 높았다는 점과 지식기반서비스업이 정책변화나 경제, 산업기술적환경의 변화에 보다 유연적으로 적응하였기 때문이라고 판단된다.
Abstract
This study aims to explore an evolutionary path of the IT service industry in Fairfax Countyusing the Cluster Adaptive Cycle model in economic geography. The analysis is based on detailed historicaland industrial information obtained through a variety of data sources including local archival materials,economic census, and interviews. This study also performs a shift-share analysis during the period of1990 to 2011. Using the adaptive cycle model, the local IT service industry is indicated by a trajectory of constant cluster mutation. The evolution of the local IT service industry has been closely related to federal government policy due to the regional specificity of the National Capital Region and the proximity of the Department of Defense. Although the economic downturn of the late 2000s, the local IT service industry has been notable resilience and adapted to a changing market and technological environment. This constant mutation of the local industry is resulted from not only high resilience which is based on the large government procurement market, the reinforcement of adaptive capacity of the local firms and the network of economic agents such as firm and supporting institutions, but also high flexibility of the knowledge-based service industry to a changing business environment.
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